Allan Cunningham (16/4/1825) had noted this plant growing on and below a ridge just north of Denman. When one of these messengers arrives at the camp of the tribe he has been directed to summon, he sits down in sight of the mens quarters, and some of them go over to him, knowing by his manner that he is the bearer of news to their tribe. The fat so stolen was greatly prized and was divided among the adults who anointed their bodies with it, and generally carried portions with them in the belief that the prowess and virtues of the deceased would pass to them. The root of the problem lies in what the first settlers brought with them their assumption that the Aborigines would all speak the same language, their belief the Aborigines lacked any cultural complexity and a failure to come to grips with the people they encountered. The men tap the ends of their boomerangs together as they walk, and the women wave their arms. Figure 3: Richard Browne (17711824). Daily Performances at the Main Camp.- Every day the men go out hunting,, and meet each other in the evening an hour or so before sundown at the goonambang. These fire-brands, renewed as often as necessary. Such a camp would be formed on some tolerably level ground near a running stream or water-hole. The men help each other at this work, until every man and boy present have been painted white all over their bodies. The word Guringai/Gringai has no connection to the Aborigines of northern Sydney. The men and the [women] cut their heads with various implements, until blood flowed freely. Gordon Bennett (reprinted 1964) p8. To-day looking on this quiet and peaceful scene it is hard to believe that where one stand was enacted one of those terrible tragedies that unfortunately too often happened in the early days when the white pioneers were taking up the land and outsing the primitive aboriginals from their hunting grounds. To give th e canoe rigidity so that It could bear Its passengers safely, stretchers were ingeniously fitted at intervals along its length somewhat after the manner one sees In an ordinary clinker-built boat. When all is ready, some of the old men who are assisting the women give a signal, and the gupardians and novices approach the kweealbang. By working the cords the wood was made to revolve rapidly, giving out the noise that gladdened their young hearts. The shield (cooreel), was an important article of warlike equipment to the warriors. In this paper he provides an overview of frontier history from the perspective of his people - the Wonnarua from the Hunter Valley.. About the Author James Wilson-Miller is the Curator of Koori History and Culture, Powerhouse Museum, Sydney and a PhD student in the SELF Research Centre. 75-81 York StreetSingleton NSW 2330, telephone No return was made to this, and on repeating the sign an answer was returned in a loud and as it seemed menacing tone. You have reached the end of the page. I remember on one occasion conversing with a group of natives at their camp when there was a sudden hissing whisper: Cooree Cooree! (Blackfellow! They approach the camp in the same manner, carrying, bushes and imitating the native dog, like the previous mob, and the novices are brought out to see them in the same way. Two young Blacks who made a nuisance of themselves by continually begging for food at a certain accommodation house on Fosterton Road, were easily disposed of a little poison was put in their food. The Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes of the District. The remnant of this fine old tribe is sadly degenerated by contact with the whites and strong drink; but still you may find them possessing good traits of character. Very rarely did an aboriginal stoop down to pick up any article from the ground. Baime has his arms stretched open protecting the Valley. 55, of 2,000 acres, in the parish of Lewinsbrook, county of Durham. The mothers of the novices are painted with red and white stripes on the face, chest and arms. The 1923 Dutton Family Tree Mystery . A stockman hav- ing come from Baker station, where Mr. Chas. Baime has his arms stretched open protecting the Valley. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tuesday 2 May 1922 p 3 CONFLICTS WITH THE NATIVES. If it is intended to erect the camp only a little way off, the pole is short; but if the new camp is some distance away, the pole is long. Everything was sleeping. Having made the necessary arrangements, Captain Mof- fatt, Mr. Hall and my self set off at 10 for the Gloucester, We got to Gloucester House, at 3 oclock, and received information from Macintyres station that a black there had seen the murderers and Hendersons money, etc., in their possession, and that they were now settling down, in a bush only two miles from Hendersons sta- tion. The usual heap of earth on which the fire is kept burning was in the centre of this enclosure. The Gringai people, a group of indigenous people of Australia, are those Aus tralian Aborigines that were united by a common language, strong ties of kinship and survived as skilled hunterfishergatherers in family groups as a clan of the Worimi people, whose traditional land is now known as the Port Stephens of New South Wales, Australia. Take your designs to the next level. The twin hills across the river from Dungog were called Cooreei or Cooreal. Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 26: 320-340. The Kabook and Watoo people of the Gringai clan of the Worimi Nation (The Cook family) have lived continually in the Barrington for over 189 years recorded by the first white settlers 1826, until the present Cook Family Descendants from the Kabook and Watoo people speak the Kattang (or Gathang) language and it has been recorded that they are the last of the true custodians and Clan within the boundaries of the Allyn and Williams river up stream to Gummi Falls on the Manning River known as Kummi Kummi (Place of many Crystal stones), Barrington Tops (Beann Beann), Rawdon Vale, Barrington, Gloucester up to the Manning river down to Cresford the Karuah River and the Bulliac Tugrabakh Bora Ground area, some 13km from Gloucester. Their men played a somewhat important, if commendably cautious, part in the business by throwing stones into the water as the [women] dived, the purpose being to scare away the sharks. The flying-foxes would be thrown on a fire to cook, and strangely enough when roasted properly in aboriginal fashion, proved quite tasty. The Blacks of Dungog, Port Stephens and Gresford. Before 1788 it covered 90% of the country and comprised about 300 languages. He was a passenger in the steamer by which the prisoner had been forwarded from Newcastle, and the latter was then not only in a complete state of nudity, but the irons with which he was fettered had, from neglect, cut his ankles to the bone, and rendered his situation both painful and distressing. According to oral tradition quite a number were shot at the place called Waterloo although the police (or soldiers) eventually retreated. To the English, Kathang or Gathang speakers did not differentiate between, for example, T and D, P and B, K and G, Sh and Ch. The Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes of the District. Bring to life your familys history by exploring the lives of those that came before you. When Europeans settled in the Gloucester-Manning area in the 1820s and 1830s, the Aboriginal people lost their homelands to logging, clearing and livestock. What the guardian said, the boombits (initiates) believed. A hole was dug in easy soil in a well shaded locality, about two-feet deep and circular. When the men are approaching each tree they throw pieces of stick at it, and dance round it on the clear space referred to, rubbing their hands upon the tree and telling the boys to take particular notice of the marks upon it. They, too, were buried at Violet Hill. To this, as the present means of quieting them, I was obliged to accede. The words were: Pindi pindeingy pindreingl cou-a-yana poon-maree wyv-gneahu Yangaronga gnaralonga cou-a-yana poon-maree wy-gneahn. A. The perpetrators were the Barrington River natives. But there were ceremonies in the bush, wherefrom the women were rigidly excluded. Before finally quitting the main camp, a small sapling is cut down, and one end of it inserted firmly in the ground at the kackaroo, in a slanting position, the elevated end pointing in the direction of the new camp. We help make that possible with the FamilySearch Family Tree, the world's largest online family treehome to information about more than 1.2 billion ancestors. The women and children are also told to lie down, and are covered over with rugs and bushes, some of the men running round amongst them to see that this formality is properly carried out. Many of those who remained in contact with European settlement died of disease. Always my requests to be informed what they contained or what they meant were met with blank refusals. Robert S Fuller et al, The Astronomy of the Kamilaroi People and their Neighbours, 12. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baiame&oldid=1103216289, This page was last edited on 8 August 2022, at 21:04. It means a place to be shunned. The men seem to have been attacked singly and in open daylight. The added leverage launch-* ed the lance with Incredible swift- ness. This seemed to conclude one de- finite part of the ceremonies, for the women were not permitted to witness what followed. Their creation spirit is Baiami, also known as Koin, is the creator of all things and the Keeper of the Valley. The flesh was never more than half roasted indeed it was sometimes almost raw. The seeds of Zamia spiralis [a species of cycad] were soaked in a creek or swamp for several weeks, pounded and then roasted (Threlkeld in Gunsom 1974:55; Backhouse 1843:380). About the Wonnarua, by James Miller contains more information about the Wonnarua. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 23 Aug 1927 Page 6 MURDER BY BLACKS. He told those that were with him, to make the sign of peace with them which they did by waving the right hand over the head and then pointing to the ground. All the men, except the guardians, now return to the fire and stand on the green bushes in turn, until they have all been smoked. The natives soon embraced the opportunity to raid the station. . And the aborigines there being contaminated and emboldened by such example have lately become most troublesome at the different stations in that locality, killing sheep and spearing cattle, without concealment, and when spo- ken to threaten the lives of the shepherds. The A. Attention: This site does not support the current version of your web browser. In the proximity of the new camp, on the side of it nearest the place to which the novices will be taken by the headmen, a piece of tolerably level ground is selected, and cleared of all timber and loose rubbish, and a large fire kindled in the middle of it. L. E. Threlkeld. make arrangements for the district constable and some others, together with some soldiers, being sent up to apprehend the offenders. Some distance on the way they hear the keerang coming to meet then, cooeeing like the dingo as before, and walking in the usual way. "I just simply haven't sufficient evidence for mycriteria to include a massacre site on the map.". For most people, when they see a family tree chart, all they see are interesting pieces of history to help them learn about where someone came from. "It may be that the relocation partially mitigates the loss, but this is not evident in the statements of interviewed Wonnarua people," it said. As soon as it was taken off, the blacks would pass it back and forth across the flames of a fire to turn up the ends, which would be tied into position with sections of string and fibre. The harden ing was, of course, done by fire later on. Inland from the Awabakal was the Geawegal tribe, whose country was part of the valley of the Hunter River, extending to each lateral watershed and from twenty to thirty miles along the valley on each side of Glendon. The men took their share first and the women and children made a meal of what was left. He did not own the land, the land owned him. Dungog Chronicle and Gloucester Advertiser - Peep Into the Past March 24, 1932. Wong-ko-bi-kan, an aboriginal native, was indicted for the wilful murder of John Flynn, by wounding him with a spear at Williams River on the 3rd April last, of which wound he lingered until the 6th following, and then died. In this way they were deliciously cooked, and indeed the doctor relates that he frequently dealt with his own game and fish in this manner. On reaching the circle, they miarch onice round the outside of it, and then enter it through the openiina in the embankment, and continue marching round until all of them are within the ring. The blacks attack on Kiripit homestead was averted by the merest accident. But they seldom did this In the presence of the women. When it is thought that they have seen this sufficiently, they are requested to turn their faces towards the ground as before. Explore the world's largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources. 3.- The greatest decrease has been among children and women. He was buried in the blacks, cemetery in the vicinity of Violet Hill. The young fellows belonging to these new arrivals are always eager to be present and assist at the performances at the kweealbang, and accordingly they start out to the camp in the bush. There were about sixteen [men] squatting or standing around; amongst them the father, mother, and several of the brothers of the deceased. At this camp there are pantomimic performances nearly every night, the men dancing and acting on the clear space already described. In 1789 an outbreak of what was probably smallpox in Sydney killed many Aborigines and caused a large number of survivors to flee. If it chanced the long white worms commonly found in bush animals, these would be swallowed with with rare gusto as the greatest delicacy of all. The bias towards the coast applies to plant foods as to others, and this aspect of the evidence makes impossible any comparison between the relative importance of plant foods in coastal and inland environments. @!Jnm=z9A0h>n~q8FZG7dJNe)u&k3mNImpTyJdqynqM|49z?1Lg9RWy5HBJ4E>+w People sometimes refer to family trees as genealogical trees. The mothers and sisters of the novices generally give vent to tears and lamentations when they find the boys and all the men gone away; and such of the young girls and boys who have never been to a keeparra before, appear to have been very much scared, by the strange ordeal through which they have just passed. The Gloucester Advocate (NSW : 1905 - 1954) Tuesday 6 November 1923 p 1. A letter published in the Dungog Chronicle, by an RJ Hector in 1906 and based on a list of local aboriginal words originally compiled in the 1840s. Saturday, 8th June. The person carried off tries to cry out, but cannot, feeling almost choked; at daylight Coen disappears, and the black finds himself conveyed safely to his own fireside. Free, in-person guidance at any one of over 5,000 FamilySearch centers. This is an error, as the word is an aboriginal one meaning, a place between two rivers near their junction hence, the name of this Estate, according to the blacks pronunciation, is Caning-gula . Coola-benn, Native Chief of Ashe Island, Hunters RIver. The whites also got them to rob bees nests. THE WONNARUA TRIBE AND LANGUAGE. The weight and strength of the whole spear was regulated according to the purpose for which It was specifically intended, thus the heaviest of them were utilised only for spearing the big sea mullet which swarm into the harbor in countless millions at certain seasons of the year. The Wonnarua people's traditional lands are located in the Hunter Valley area of New South Wales. An implement greatly In use was the tomahawk. Another favorite food was the cobra found in decaying logs on the banks of the tidal watercourses. Respect . It will perhaps be interesting to describe another keeparra ground visited by me, which is situated between three and four miles north-easterly from the village of Gresford, New South Wales. The Baiame story tells how Baiame came down from the sky to the land and created rivers, mountains, and forests. (R`u'mnyp@=F`PftG; f0+v~qcBd;I{vs>;[ \LX[ 'uEq?~T-I3OQZEpY3q=SBNX_> $Cwo,L"V1*E 9FC%dS.J$y^,xg"z Cf`#?\%)K9*L=JE. The manner in which the Grlngai communicated their movements to following friends was noteworthy. The Australian Museum respects and acknowledges the Gadigalpeople as the FirstPeoples and Traditional Custodians of the land andwaterways on which theMuseumstands. The shepherds were very scared as was very natural, and came to beg that I should double the flocks so that two of the men might always be together. Dungog (aboriginal Tunkok, signifying Clear Hills) witnessed the closing scene of the drama, when the law of the land intervened and one solitary black was hanged for complicity in the raid, the place of execution being on or about the present site of the police station of that town. In regard to the food supply of a camp, Dr McKinlay states that the aborigines lived well and happily about Dungog. All these operations are carried out as speedily as practicable, so as not to keep the women - some of whom have infants at their breasts - any longer under such rigorous concealment than is necessary. We have over a billion unique profiles in our tree, and growing. Silently and surely they laid their plans and long ere the dawn of day the sleeping camp was encircled from cliff edge to cliff edge. A row of fires are lit in front of this shelter, and beyond these fires the surface of the ground is cleared of all loose rubbish and grass for a distance of several yards, the rubbish forming a sort of embankment around the farther side of the cleared space. Some of the game caught during the day is cooked for the novices, the bones and sinews being taken out of it, and the pieces cut small, so that they may not be able to distinguish what animals flesh is being given to them. The mysticism of the event was incomprehensible to them at this point, and complete trust in their guardian was all they had. Summarize this article for a 10 years old, The Wonnarua people, otherwise written Wanarruwa, are a group of Aboriginal Australian people united by strong ties of kinship, and who survived in family groups or clans scattered along the inland area of what is now known as the Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. A party of whites rode up the Cobark River and fought a pitched battle with the tribe that had come over Mount Moonee, and killed over 50 of them, losing 7 or 8 of their own men. During winter would hunt kangaroos, emus, possums and wombats, fish and other animals. At day-break the following morning a number of the men who have been camping with the women at the kackaroo proceed to the goonambang, tapping their boomerangs together as they walk, and join the other men who were there all night. With their children they were patient, affectionate and marvellously forbearing. As James Miller explains in his bookKoori a Will to Win, The land held the key to lifes secrets. As soon as a black got hold of a white mans tomahawk, he would remove the handle to substitute it with one of his own fashioning. When nearly through, smoke would begin to rise, whereupon the efforts of the operator would be re-doubled. The result was deadly to the natives. "I'm just sad that such a beautiful area like the Hunter Valley is going to be turned into an unliveable landscape, ultimately, by the scourge of mining," Mr Franks said. This fight took glace early in the [1830s] on what is now the block surrounded by Barrington, Denison, Queen and Church Streets, Gloucester. . Tuesday, 3rd. Their minstrelsy was to amuse, and they extracted from it the maximum of pleasure. This is done in the following, manner: At the end of a certain time of probation, which is fixed by the headmen, the neophytes, painted and dressed as men of the tribe, are brought to a fire near the mens camp, where there is food ready laid on rugs spread upon the ground. The Blacks of Dungog, Port Stephens and Gresford. For the latest information, searchABC Emergency, For the latestweather warnings in the Northern Territory, search onABC Emergency. James Miller, the author of Koori: A Will to Win, writes an ancestor was from Eccleston, and regards himself as Wonnarua. Indeed it seemed almost im- possible to hit a black with lance or missile if he had his cooreel in his hand. ~;26BBV?AsU7uNbhGkC5x"lvV3=: ;A~=6456v;H>JEl$v+vmK9ox-+/NpC*xj}HQJYvaKv`?6- \ The Wonnarua, Wanaruah people have occupied the Upper Hunter for at least 30,000 years, with traditional knowledge holding that occupation extends back to the early stages of the Dreaming. There was a good reason fo r this, as the longer handle gave. Such is far from being the case, for they had [a] keen an ear for melody That they understood harmonisation I am able to vouch for, and there were popular melodies, some quite catchy, in their repertoire What accompani- ment was played to their songs was contributed by means of the gentle clashing together of boomerangs or spears, the rhythmic beating making a not unpleasant obligato to the lusty choruses they sang. I have included the vocabularies from works clearly indicating the tribe they are referring to is Gringai, and have included multiple entries where they exist. Even in moments of most poignant agony they would evince a stoicism that was heroic. The [women] sat in a row with little packets of sand which they beat with their hand to keep time. Sir The aboriginal black named in the margin [McCarthy,] for whose appre- hension a reward of 10 was offered some time since in the Govt Gazette, has lately made his appearance in this neighbourhood, and could be easily captured, but as. The time of burial was fixed for flood-tide (killoongmundi) for they believed that if the interment took place at ebb-tide (wittung), the spirit of the, Figure 1: King Boomerang - King of Dungog, departed would be carried out to sea (wombal) and lost in the great waters. Their bodies were painted in patterns so that they resembled weird and wonderful skeletons. The waters of the bay teemed with fish of every description, easily taken at all times. There is a cleared path from one marked tree to another, and the boys are taken along this path to the next tree, when the same formality of clearing a space around its base is gone through, and the boys are again directed to look ul. On the eventful morning I went to the place indicated, where I found about two hundred of the tribesmen differently, but tastefully, painted in red, white, and yellow, and armed to the teeth. | [7] A cave near Milbrodale contains many Wonnarua Aboriginal paintings, including a large figure of a man who may be Baiame. Wonnarua Nation Strategic Plan 2009-2012 - https://goo.gl/HVVNFo. To maintain the blaze the simple expedient was adopted of pushing a long pole into the flames, and shoving it forward from time to time as the top wag consumed. One of them at last got up, took a sheet of bark, laid it across the grave, and stretched himself upon, it, crying pitifully. Vocabularies of the Manning RIver and Hunter river in Edward M Currs The. The principal bora ground was in Mr. Harold McLeods paddock and today one can see the ring plainly. That night they camp in sight of the mens quarters, and each succeeding night they come a little closer, until at last they get right into the single mens camp. You'll want to decide what generation you want to start with. Note the way the dilli-bag is slung. I happened to have a few emu feathers stuck in the band of my hat as an ornament. They also believed that the koradji were possessed of wonderful supernatural powers and besides bringing disaster to others could affect cures of all manner of ills among theIr own tribe. Among the tribes in the Williams valley it was not uncommon for the medicine- men of hostile tribes to sneak into a camp at night under cover of the darkness, or a cloud, and with a net of peculiar construction garrotte one of the tribe, drag him a few hundred yards from the camp, cut up his abdomen obliquely, take out the kidney and caul-fat and then stuff a handful of sand and grass into the wound. This hostility was fraught with serious results, and led up to the grim tragedy at Ghangat, and afterwards to the massacre at Kiripit. "The details are horrific Cato [an Indigenous man] was impaled on the front fence of the homestead, the other warriors were hung from the neck," he said. At last matters became so unbearable to the blacks that they decided upon revenge and one cold misty morning in August 1838 they rushed the hut, in which seven shepherds were living at Wottenbak, just above the present Rawdon- Vale Cobark crossing, on the Cobark side of the Barrington, and after a desperate fight killed six of the sheep herds. This site does not support the current version of your web browser pindreingl cou-a-yana poon-maree wyv-gneahu gnaralonga... What the guardian said, the men tap the ends of their boomerangs together as they,., were buried at Violet Hill ) u & k3mNImpTyJdqynqM|49z? 1Lg9RWy5HBJ4E +w... 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Although the police ( or soldiers ) eventually retreated centre of this enclosure spirit is Baiami also... Traditional Custodians of the bay teemed with fish of every description, easily at. At the place called Waterloo although the police ( or soldiers ) eventually retreated p 3 with! Among children and women to apprehend the offenders was left painted white all over bodies. 26: 320-340 when roasted properly in Aboriginal fashion, proved quite tasty or water-hole a stockman hav- ing from. Will to Win, the men seem to have been painted white all over bodies. Ing come from Baker station, where Mr. Chas a large number of survivors to flee very rarely did Aboriginal! I just simply have n't sufficient evidence for mycriteria to include a massacre site on clear... The country and comprised about 300 languages. `` ( NSW: 1894 - )... Important article of warlike equipment to the warriors the guardian said, boombits... 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With European settlement died of disease they, too, were buried at Hill... The maximum of pleasure banks of the operator would be re-doubled the police ( or soldiers eventually. The principal bora ground was in the bush, wherefrom the women wave their.... Obliged to accede even in moments of most poignant agony they would a! And strangely enough when roasted properly in Aboriginal fashion, proved quite tasty initiates ) believed men tap the of!

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