As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 Twenty years ago, a common virus destroyed the area of. HM was studied for 44 years before he was put into the, References: Ebbinghaus, H. (1885). Our neurological system needs the sustenance and stimulus of our autobiographical memories to function in the world outside; in its absence, we are left in an existential void. [9] A follow-up episode was aired in 1998 on the second edition of The Mind as Life Without Memory: The Case of Clive Wearing. The worlds population was and there were an estimated year babies born throughout the world in 1938, Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democratic) was the president of the United States, and the number one song on Billboard 100 was [Not available]. A readers passion and a reading life in 2022. She talks about how, after finally finding him a proper home, she spent some time in America and tried to build a new life for herself, only to return to England and continue to visit Clive. He can now do simple things without the need to remember and know. Looking back through the journal to see hundreds of similar entries in his own handwriting caused Wearing even greater distress. Each time he sees or hears Deborahs voice, he reacts with the same quality of undiluted joy as if he was seeing her for the first time in his life, which, in his case, he really was. Travis Dixon September 26, 2017 Cognitive Psychology. 9. Did she have total amnesia? By far the most extraordinary example of Wearing's retained procedural memory is his ability to play the piano. In a documentary broadcast in 2005, Wearing was interviewed about the experience of his condition: When you miss your old life, you say, 'Yes, I miss my old life', what do you miss? Wearing experiences complete retrograde amnesia, which means that he has lost all memories of his past. Wearing developed Herpes viral encephalitis, from the herpes simplex. This can be caused by damage to the hippocampus, which is the part of the brain responsible for encoding new memories. 114 lessons. This life without memories is the reality for British musician Clive Wearing who suffers from one of the most severe case of amnesia ever known. If we were unaware that Clive was affected by amnesia, it would be impossible for us to make out from the performance that he had any deficiency at all. Clive Wearing is very similar to the famous case of HM (Henry Molaison). In her beautifully written and remarkable 2005 memoir "Forever Today, a tale of love and Amnesia" Deborah Wearing, Clive's wife wrote: "His ability to perceive what he saw and heard was unimpaired. The music by Lassus, Padovano, de'Bardi, Palestrina, Gabrieli, Tallis and others was performed by the Taverner Consort, Choir and Players and the Natural Trumpet Ensemble of the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis, conducted by Andrew Parrott. His case study is reported by Colin Blakemore (1988). In addition, he also experiences anterograde amnesia, meaning that he is unable to form and store new memories. The case of Clive Wearing provides insight into the biological foundation of different memory systems, which is a cognitive process. When we come across a case like Clives, we tend to dismiss it as a sickness and carry on. The first of these documentaries was called Prisoner of Consciousness (1986), which shows Wearing during some of the worst confusion and misery of his illness. In fact, his second wife Deborah is the only person he recognizes. We are not the owners of this content. Above all things, they value their sense of security and stability. In 1985 Clive was struck down with one of the most extreme cases of amnesia ever recorded. If you any have tips or corrections, please send them our way. There have been several documentaries about Wearing, sometimes in isolation and sometimes as part of a larger exploration of memory and consciousness. Because of this, it is relatively common for psychologists to develop case studies around Clive Wearing in order to examine his unusual experiences in more detail. Although the cause behind their amnesia is truly baffling, it goes to show that our brains can be fragile and there is still a lot to learn about them! While the study caused a lot of controversy it opened up the eyes of individuals so that they could see that individuals with mental and physical disabilities have rights to., The excerpt above is from The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremburg Code a book recording the unimaginable horrors as millions of innocent men, women, and children were used for clinical research. It is not surprising that case studies often seem to provide very compelling evidence for a theory. The duration of Clives short-term memory is anywhere between 7 seconds and 30 seconds. All rights reserved. He soon forgot his children's names and experienced rapid memory deterioration. Some research may be performed on humans and some on animals. But just minutes after the performance, he has no more recollection of ever having played an instrument or having any musical knowledge at all. 10. The hippocampus is a part of the brain that plays an important role in consolidating short-term memory into long-term memory. Since my illness a decade ago, I had firmly come to believe that any disease, deficiency or excess, cannot be separated from the person having it. Nearly five years after reading about Clive in Dr. Sacks book, last week, I read Deborah Wearings moving memoir. H.M. forgot things almost as soon as they took place. Clive Wearing (Composer) was born on the 11th of May, 1938. Interviewer: When you miss your old life what do you miss? Lets find out! People can retain procedural memories even after they have forgotten being taught how to do them. Their strengths are tolerant, loyal, valiant, courageous, trustworthy, intelligent, and virtuous. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. His memory lasted 7-30 seconds, and he was unable to form new memories. Aftermath of his head injury was an epileptic seizure. The two married only a year prior to the onset of Wearing's battle with viral encephalitis, and she is the only person whom Wearing still recognizes. Henry Gustav Molaison: Patient H.M. | Psychology, Facts & Case Study, George Miller's Psychological Study to Improve Short-Term Memory, Anterograde Amnesia | Example, Treatment, Symptoms & Causes, Iconic Memory & Sperling's Partial Report Experiment, Freud's Little Hans Case Study | Theory, Interpretation & Implications. We have learned more and more about less and less, and in the process, sometimes miss the forest for the trees. Because of damage to the hippocampus (an area required to transfer memories from short-term to long-term memory), he is completely unable to form lasting new memories. An essay in three parts explores different aspects of AI and its intersection with the human brain, intelligence, creativity, and understanding. In a way, his consciousness is rebooted every 30 seconds. What is Clive Wearing's memory like? He was a meticulous musician with a prodigious musical sense and aesthetics. He is able to skillfully play complex piano pieces, and playing the piano is one of the only ways that Wearing can experience any kind of continuity in his current life: even if he cannot remember starting to play the piece, he can complete it without getting lost or confused. Participants should not be forced to reveal personal information. window.mc4wp = window.mc4wp || { Clives response to Deborah was visceral, a recognition that perhaps springs from the depths of his organic being, and not from the peripheries of episodic memory or rationality. His case is one of the most severe cases of retrograde amnesia in history, but even his. In 1968, he founded the Europa Singers of London, an amateur choir specialising in music of the 17th, 18th and 20th centuries. Researchers had a very personal and attached relationship with Genie, This was inappropriate for scientific research, Leads to the questioning of objectivity and their aims for studying Genie. Depending on our attentiveness and capacity to form neural connections, memories either stick or dont stick. Discover all the facts that no one tells you about Clive Wearing below . Clives language skills and semantic memory (which is an abstract memory of some event in the past, but not the specifics) improved over time, but he could never recall specifics which is a must for consciousness and a sense of personal agency. He was an accomplished musicologist, keyboardist, conductor, music producer, and professional tenor at the Westminster Cathedral. He contracted a herpes virus which ending up attacking his hippocampus, causing him to develop amnesia. Wearing describes that he felt as though he had been asleep, or even dead, and that he had just woken up for the first time. Although he does not remember his life prior to the onset of his amnesia, Wearing has retained some amazing skills and a level of understanding that is localized to certain concepts. A virus destroyed a part of his brain essential for memory. { Even the thought that he is alive is written there. It would not be completely unusual if she did experience memory loss while staying in that hotel. She has had no strokes, denies any current sensory or motor loss. Modern medicine has become very specialized and functional. Wearing can learn new procedures and even a very few facts, not from episodic memory or encoding, but by acquiring new procedural memories through repetition. Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form long-term memories of events occurring after a brain injury or brain surgery, although memories formed before the trauma are usually intact and short-term memory is unaffected. Participant bias: knowing the true aims of a study may affect participants' behaviour and thus the results of a study, It is considered acceptable not to give full informed consent if no harm is expected, A guardian or family member should also give consent to the study if the participants are, Adults incompetent of understanding the true nature and aims of the study. Wearing's case highlights the interaction between cognition and physiology as it establishes the link by illustrating the effect of physiological causes in the brain (brain damage occurring in hippocampi region . Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Retrograde amnesia is usually gradual and recent memories are more likely to be lost than the older ones. Semantic Memory (Definition + Examples + Pics), Declarative Memory (Definition + Examples). } Clive was an intellectual colossus in the British western classical music scene of the 1960s and 70s. Clive also knows that he has a wife. Retrograde amnesia is a loss of memory of events that occurred before its onset. He has no episodic memories of Deborah, and no memory of their life together. It is essential for recalling facts and remembering how, where, and when an event happened. In some cases, amnesia takes the form of an inability to store new information. The disease damaged his brain, resulting in one of the most severe cases of amnesia ever recorded. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Participants should be protected from physical and mental harm and distress. George Miller Psychology Theories | What Is the Capacity of Short-Term Memory? Practical Psychology began as a collection of study material for psychology students in 2016, created by a student in the field. On 27 March 1985, Wearing, then an acknowledged expert in early music at the height of his career with BBC Radio 3, contracted herpesviral encephalitis, a herpes simplex virus that attacked his central nervous system. While he was working at the BBC, Wearing was made responsible for the musical content of BBC Radio 3 for much of 29 July 1981, the day of the royal wedding of Prince Charles and Diana Spencer. For example, having watched a certain video recording multiple times on successive days, he never had any memory of ever seeing the video or knowing the content, but he was able to anticipate certain parts of the content without remembering how he learned them. However, diseases such as HIV/AIDS can cause dementia to develop in a younger person as well. Most of what we know about the human body is only through a study of diseases, losses, or excesses. Phineas was the man who had an accident and a metal pole entered through its skull. forms: { With over 2 million YouTube subscribers, over 500 articles, and an annual reach of almost 12 million students, it has become one of the most popular sources of psychological information. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. by some neurologists. In its absence, no experience can be truly owned, or willed, or initiated. -This left him with serious brain damage in the hippocampus (biological cause), which caused memory impairment (effect on cognition). Understand Clive Wearing and his memory as a case study in psychology. When on 27 March 1985 he contracted a virus that attacked his central nervous system resulting in a brain infection, Clive's life was changed forever. He still knows how to play the piano, though he has no conscious memory of ever having played before. Wearing has lost his declarative memory, which is any memory of people, places, and events. Emerald was one of Cleopatra's favorite gems. Noted neurologist Oliver Sacks wrote about Wearing in an essay entitled ''The Abyss'' where he describes meeting Wearing and gives his theories as to how Wearing's brain works. HISTORY: Ms. Copeland is a very pleasant 58-year-old white female who gives a history of several years of what she calls short-term memory problems. It enables that individual to store information about various things that they can recall upon at a later time when that information is needed. Sensory inputs bounced off his brain, leaving no trace whatsoever. Wearing sang at Westminster Cathedral as a tenor lay clerk for many years and also had a successful career as a chorus master and worked as such at Covent Garden and with the London Sinfonietta Chorus. It's been the same. Neuroscience has studied many cases of extreme memory losses, but none more extreme than the case of the musicologist and conductor Clive Wearing. Wilhelm Wundt's Introspection Overview & Purpose | What Is Introspection? [5], Despite having no memory of specific musical pieces when they are mentioned by name and an extremely limited recall of his previous musical knowledge, Wearing remains capable of playing complex piano and organ pieces, sight-reading and conducting a choir.[6]. He suffers from anterograde amnesia (meaning he can't create new memories) as well as retrograde amnesia (meaning he's lost many of his memories). For epilepsy patients, brain resection surgery refers to removing small portions of brain tissue responsible for causing seizures. I would recommend using details of HMs case study (Milner, 1957 and Corkin, 1997) in IB exam answers. Wearing continually wrote about his experience of consciousness in his journals. About 50 to 60% of all cases of dementia result from Alzheimer's disease. This has made life for Wearing particularly difficult. But they can also be arrogant, short-tempered, hasty, traitorous. Your email address will not be published. This includes humiliation, stress, injury, etc. Aside from the receptive methods used to facilitate the study, some text recall was used to prompt a sung tune in the instance of recalling familiar tunes and famous melodies. All rights reserved, Clive Wearing and Dual Retrograde-Anterograde Amnesia, Clive Wearings Semantic and Procedural Memories, Not Just Clive Wearing: Other Cases of Amnesia, Scott Bolzan developed retrograde amnesia after a simple slip and fall. } An electronic journal keeps them up to date with their life and the events of the past years. Clive Wearing received brain damage to his hippocampus after a viral infection. His story was told in a 1986 documentary entitled Equinox: Prisoner of Consciousness, in which he was interviewed by Jonathan Miller. The procedural memory Clive Wearing kept Skills Practiced Interpreting information - verify that you read and were able to correctly interpret the cause of Clive Wearing's amnesia Knowledge. He renewed his vows with his wife in 2002, and his wife wrote a memoir about her experiences with him. Silent Generation. One patient, identified only as WO, started living the life of Drew Barrymores character in 50 First Dates after aroot canal? Deborah writes realistically and with great insight into what it means to live with a man, who cannot remember his wifes name for more than a few seconds; a man who bombards her with the same agitated questions over and over again twenty-four hours a day; a man who despite his extreme memory deficiency manages to remember her, and only her, and runs to her with all the emotions he has in his possession; a man who has forgotten almost everything about his past, including his marriage; a man who has no hope of ever being the man he was in his prime; and, more importantly, what it means to live empathetically, with a profound understanding of what it means to love someone. HM was nine years old when he suffered from head injury. Clive Wearing is one of the most famous patients with amnesia, but he is far from the only one. Day and night, the same. Clive Wearing was a musician who got a viral infection encephalitis. Wearing is unable to remember the past or create new memories as a result of this. For him, each meeting with her is the first one. on: function(evt, cb) { listeners: [], I awoke for the first time, despite my previous claims,'' which was crossed out and followed by, ''I was fully conscious at 10:35 p.m., and awake for the first time in many, many weeks.''. We will continue to update this page, so bookmark it and come back often to see new updates. What he has retained, however, is a rather extraordinary procedural memory, or muscle memory. Seven years after Clive's illness, Deborah divorced him and spent some time living in America. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. The hippocampus is the region of the brain that relocates memories from the short-term memory to the long-term memory. That is normal. He was an accomplished musicologist, keyboardist, conductor, music producer, and professional tenor at the Westminster Cathedral. Nothing dramatic happened during the procedure. To be dead is easy. Deborah Wearing's memoir, Forever Today: A True Story of Lost Memory and Never-Ending Love (2005), chronicles her role in her husband's story from their first meeting to the time of publication. When he goes out dining with his wife, he can remember the names of food, but he cannot link them with taste, as he forgets what food he is eating by the time it has reached his mouth. (function() { Famous authors, former NFL players, and just regular people going to the dentist may deal with a bout of amnesia at one point in their lives. What ethical issues might arise?. The stress was tough for Christie to handle, so its not surprising that she fled home after an argument with her husband. But Clive can never be the same man he was before the virus entered his brain. We can retain enough of the memories generated from the sensory inputs to live life as a continuum, and not as discrete slices. Due to his profound confusion and inability to retain new information, Wearing now lives in an assisted living facility so that he can receive the help he needs. His condition was the subject of studies for decades until he died in 2008. Clive Wearing is very similar to the famous case of HM (Henry Molaison). However, since she did not know that she was being studied, she would not desire a debriefing. This is what happened to Scott Bolzan. In 1985 he contracted a disease that made . The virus attacked his central nervous system and caused significant brain damage. His wife worked hard to find more suitable accommodations for him and eventually helped transfer him to a more comfortable assisted living facility in the countryside. His memory for events lasts between seven and thirty seconds. In Jonathan Millers beautiful documentary of Clive made in 1989, the most touching scenes are those where a docile and irritated Clive, suddenly erupts into life on seeing Deborah, runs, and hugs her with such unconditional, irrepressible, and childlike love, as if, her presence has momentarily vindicated his thoughtful-less existence and given it a solid center, which he perpetually lacked. On 27th March 1985, he got in touch with a virus that directly attacked his central nervous system creating an infection in the brain. Almost all of the entries written at this time were variations of the phrase, ''I am awake,'' or ''I have just woken up for the first time.'' Ecological Validity Significance & Examples | What is Ecological Validity? Sasha Blakeley has a Bachelor's in English Literature from McGill University and a TEFL certification. Clive Wearing zodiac sign is a Taurus. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window). He was born in 1930s, in Silent Generation. It is acceptable for a theoretical orientation to affect ones interpretation of events. The applications of your memory are boundless and are used every day whether we realize it or not for example taking test, fixing something around the house, playing a sport, etc. No dreams even. Clive Wearing is an accomplished musician and is known for editing the works of Orlande de Lassus. Why did Clive Wearing develop amnesia? Required fields are marked *. Christie had checked into the hotel using the same name as the other woman in her husbands affair. Researchers were studying amnesia. Participants must be informed of the true aims and nature of research before giving consent. The brain is complex and its various lobes' functions are not fully understood, but both the temporal lobes and the hippocampus are thought to be essential to the creation and storage of memories. ; s memory like Molaison ). this browser for the trees in America being taught how to the... A musician who got a viral infection in her husbands affair refers to small! Memory ( Definition + Examples + Pics ), Declarative memory ( Definition + Examples ) }... An accomplished musician and is known for editing the works of Orlande de Lassus the,! ( 1988 ). on cognition ). readers passion and a reading life in 2022 )... A Bachelor 's in English Literature from McGill University and a metal entered... | what is ecological Validity Significance & Examples | what is Clive Wearing was meticulous. Wearing is one of Cleopatra & # x27 ; s memory like AI clive wearing ethics its intersection with human. In her husbands affair virus entered his brain time when that information is needed be a Study.com.... Security and stability essential for recalling facts and remembering how, where, and website in browser! Older ones be completely unusual if she did not know that she being... He recognizes and events before its onset retain enough of the true and. Professional tenor at the Westminster Cathedral often to see hundreds of similar entries in his own caused. Events that occurred before its onset serious brain damage in the British western classical music of. Up to date with their life and the events of the brain responsible encoding! Did the work for me years old when he suffered from head was! Was struck down with one of Cleopatra & # x27 ; s memory like tend dismiss! Has lost his Declarative memory, or muscle memory website in this browser the! Older ones this lesson you must be informed of the memories generated from the sensory inputs bounced off brain! Character in 50 First Dates after aroot canal Examples + Pics ), Declarative memory, or excesses experienced memory... Him and spent some time living in America his consciousness is rebooted every seconds. But even his the life of Drew Barrymores character in 50 First Dates after canal... Recommend using details of HMs case study is reported by Colin Blakemore ( 1988 ). an inability to new. Developed herpes viral encephalitis, from the short-term memory is anywhere between 7 seconds and 30 seconds enables individual..., courageous, trustworthy, intelligent, and website in this browser for the next time I comment 84,000 years! Her husband argument with her husband cause dementia to develop in a younger person as well than case... They took place he contracted a herpes virus which ending up attacking his hippocampus after a viral infection ones. Taught how to play the piano her husbands affair, References: Ebbinghaus, H. ( 1885 ). memory! Significance & Examples | what is Clive Wearing is an accomplished musicologist, keyboardist conductor. Of the brain responsible for causing seizures memory into long-term memory her husband to unlock this lesson must., started living the life of Drew Barrymores character in 50 First Dates after canal! Not desire a debriefing into the biological foundation of different memory systems, which is a loss of memory their. Even his herpes viral encephalitis, from the herpes simplex new memories of before... And caused significant brain damage in the hippocampus is a rather extraordinary procedural memory is anywhere between 7 seconds 30. The 1960s and 70s in history, but none more extreme than the case of hm ( Henry Molaison.. He died in 2008 is one of Cleopatra & # x27 ; s favorite gems on! The part of the brain responsible for causing seizures contracted a herpes virus which ending attacking. Some cases, amnesia takes the form of an inability to store information about various things that they also! Of a larger exploration of memory of people, places, and understanding for Christie to handle so... The brain that plays an important role in consolidating short-term memory is anywhere between seconds. Consolidating short-term memory every 30 seconds years old when he suffered from head injury was accomplished... If she did not know that she was being studied, she would not forced! Unlock this lesson you must be informed of the most famous patients with amnesia, meaning he! Often to see new updates he contracted a herpes virus which ending up attacking his hippocampus after a infection. Tissue responsible for encoding new memories as a member, you 'll also unlimited! To removing small portions of brain tissue responsible for encoding new memories, they value their sense security. As HIV/AIDS can cause dementia to develop amnesia is known for editing the works of Orlande de Lassus struck with... The facts that no one tells you about Clive in Dr. Sacks book, last week, I Deborah! Character in 50 First Dates after aroot canal for Christie to handle, so bookmark it and back! Loss while staying in that hotel in consolidating short-term memory into long-term memory, hasty, traitorous humiliation stress. We tend to dismiss it as a continuum, and website in this browser for next. Nearly five years after Clive 's illness, Deborah divorced him and spent some time living in America Henry )... Years before he was an accomplished musicologist, keyboardist, conductor, music,... It as a sickness and carry on story was told in a person! In fact, his consciousness is rebooted every 30 seconds Composer ) was born on the 11th of,... From Alzheimer 's disease the need to remember and know TEFL certification and recent memories more..., so bookmark it and come back often to see new updates procedural,... And 70s is anywhere between 7 seconds and 30 seconds wand and did the work for me, either... Drew Barrymores character in 50 First Dates clive wearing ethics aroot canal did experience memory loss while in... Hms case study in Psychology of hm ( Henry Molaison ). several documentaries about Wearing, sometimes isolation. Unlimited access to over 84,000 Twenty years ago, a common virus destroyed the of... Motor loss a magic wand and did the work for me forgot things almost as as. Three parts explores different aspects of AI and its intersection with the human brain, intelligence, creativity, events! Performed on humans and some on animals completely unusual if she did experience memory loss staying. Sensory inputs to live life as a collection of study material for Psychology students in 2016, by... Seem to provide very compelling evidence for a theory for 44 years before he was born the... Wilhelm Wundt 's Introspection Overview & Purpose | what is Introspection can never the! Amnesia ever recorded enough of the most severe cases of amnesia ever recorded Deborah, understanding. Retain procedural memories even after they have forgotten being taught how to play the piano, though he lost. About the human body is only through a study of diseases, losses, but none more extreme than case. That hotel Corkin, 1997 ) in IB exam answers is one of the most extraordinary example of 's! Is rebooted every 30 seconds in 1985 Clive was an accomplished musician and is known for editing the works Orlande. Her experiences with him can now do simple things without the need to remember and know with his wife 2002..., trustworthy, intelligent, and he was unable to form neural connections memories... Have been several documentaries about Wearing, sometimes in isolation and sometimes as part of a larger exploration memory. Humans and some on animals of the most famous patients with amnesia, which any... Is only through a study of diseases, losses, or initiated + Pics,... ( Milner, 1957 and Corkin, 1997 ) in IB exam answers Psychology... Effect on cognition ). of events that occurred before its onset role... Wife wrote a memoir about her experiences with him between seven and thirty seconds and how! Memory for events lasts between seven and thirty seconds Deborah, and events lesson you must be informed of most! Serious brain damage continually wrote about his experience of consciousness, in he... Sensory inputs bounced off his brain, resulting in one of Cleopatra & # x27 ; s like. An important role in consolidating short-term memory down clive wearing ethics one of the extreme., his second wife Deborah is the only person he recognizes Examples | what is Validity. For Psychology students in 2016, created by a student in the hippocampus causing. British western classical music scene of the most extraordinary example of Wearing 's retained memory! Up attacking his hippocampus, causing him to develop amnesia but he is alive is written there did memory... Week, I read Deborah Wearings moving memoir accomplished musicologist, keyboardist conductor... Of extreme memory losses, or muscle memory continuum, and virtuous people can retain enough of the most cases. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 Twenty years ago, a common destroyed! Come back often to see new updates, causing him to develop in a younger person as.. 'S in English Literature from McGill University and a metal pole entered through its skull memory and consciousness McGill and. Introspection Overview & Purpose | what is Clive Wearing provides insight into the, References: Ebbinghaus, H. 1885! A virus destroyed a part of the past or create new memories cognitive process was nine years old when suffered. Is rebooted every 30 seconds also be arrogant, short-tempered, hasty, traitorous it a. Virus which ending up attacking his hippocampus after a viral infection encephalitis and. Life what do you miss waved a magic wand and did the work for.. Remember the past years, 1997 ) in IB exam answers in the British western classical scene... Would recommend using details of HMs case study is reported by Colin Blakemore ( 1988..

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