Krewer, Extension Horticulturist. The best time to plant blueberries is in late fall through late winter. By the sixth year they can yield as much as 2 gallons per plant. The other important detail to consider is whether each variety you've chosen will bloom at the same time. Grows best with Full Sun exposure. variety fertilizes the ova of a different blueberry variety, allowing fruit to form. They can reach heights of 9 feet at maturity. Even so, there may still be hope. Cross-pollination allows for better fruit set, berry size, and earlier ripening. Figure 1. However, the pollen from blueberry flowers is heavy, so it doesnt travel very far on the wind. Blueberry Bush Varieties Lowbush blueberry varieties are, as their name suggests, shorter, truer bushes than their highbush counterparts, growing under 1 foot (0.5 m.) generally. 81:419-427. N.C. Both the highbush and rabbiteye types grow well in North Carolina and especially well in swamps, but also drier areas. Spread the fertilizer evenly over a circle 24 in. Cooperative Extension System, To provide shape or form to plants, especially when used as landscape shrubs, To reduce fruit load to make berries larger, To keep plants a manageable size for harvesting, To provide air movement inside the canopy to reduce disease problems. Summer Sunset is a rabbiteye hybrid with notable red winter stem color, pink flowers, and multi-colored berries that transition from green to yellow to orange to red as they ripen to a midnight blue. These types of blueberries are native to the Southeast and have been improved to grow vigorously under cultivation and produce large yields of exceptional fruit. In order to set fruit, pollen that is produced by the flowersanthersmust reach thestigmaso it can fertilize anovulethat will develop into aseedinside the flowers ovary. We have faculty and staff in every county across the state that are available to assist you. But while most perennials have gone dormant, and most gardeners have traded trowels for seed catalogs, there are still a few bulbs, shrubs, and link to What Is A Farmer's Market? Blueberry plants are self-pollinating, which means that their flowers have both male and female parts. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. The pollen also may fail to stick to the female part of the flower (especially in dry conditions). Centurian: Centurian plants need 550 to 600 chilling hours for fruiting. works very well. Cultivars with similar ripening dates should be planted together so your harvest progresses in an orderly fashion. Make sure and purchase the type of blueberry most suitable to the intended growing area. Many southern highbush are self fertile, however, the planting of multiple varieties is still recommended for improved fruit set. Farmers markets are one of the easiest ways to buy fresh, locally grown produce and for farms and related businesses to sell directly to local people. Fertilize at the same rate again in May and July if sufficient rainfall or irrigation has occurred. They grow 6 to 8 feet tall, and while they self-pollinate, they make better berries with a buddy. Trade and brand names are given for information purposes only. The rabbiteye blueberry, V. ashei, grows mainly in the Southeast. Pot-bound plants must have the root system loosened considerably prior to transplanting. Please review ourPrivacy Statementfor more information. sign up for our weekly gardening newsletter here! Blueberry pollen is sticky and relatively heavy. Rabbiteye varieties include: Leaves are deciduous, alternate, simple, elliptic or ovate, 1 to 3 inches long and slightly waxy above. But what is a farmers market? form a strategic partnership called N.C. <> Plant blueberries away from frost pockets low areas and sites that do not have good air movement. Southeastern blueberry bees appear adapted to forage on blueberries and other plants that flower in the early spring, such as Carolina jessamine, oaks, and red buds. If you plant several rows of blueberries, space the rows at least 10 to 12 feet apart. According to the Michigan State University Extension, bumble bees only need to visit a flower once for pollination. Learn More About NC State Extension, We have several topic based email newsletters that are sent out periodically when we have new information to share. This will allow for cross pollination and more fruit. Identification: Blueberry bushes can be small to large shrub like plants. in diameter with the plant in the center. An organic fertilizer such as cottonseed meal (6-3-2) could be used. When the bushes are about 4 or 5 ft tall, begin a cane-renewal pruning program (Figure 3). Pruning induces new growth and larger fruit. Photo: Hannah Burrack. Do not over-fertilize; fertilizer damages young blueberries easily until they are established. to read some of my most popular posts, check out the Best of GreenUpSide page here. There are many varieties of rabbiteye blueberries. This species is tolerant of the heat and drought of the South and grows wild in southern Georgia, Alabama, and the Florida panhandle. Spacing. Jerry A. Payne, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org, 'Powderblue' Full Form (Cabarrus County,NC)-Late Fall, 'Powderblue' Form (Cabarrus County, NC)-Early Fall, Leaf close-up (Cabarrus County, NC)-Early Fall. Prune newly set bushes as previously indicated in Figure 1. Planting two or more varieties for cross-pollination ensures fruit set and earlier ripening. They require cross pollination for fruit set and this will increase the yield. Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Well also talk about cross pollination and how bees can help blueberry plants to produce more fruit. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. These plants are frequently damaged by deer. When selecting a suitable planting site, remember that cold air and frost flow downward. Two year old northern highbush blueberries. I hope you found this article helpful. The yield will continue to increase for several years as the plants get larger if given good care. Some bumble bees may also have yellow bristles on their face, while the yellow patch on male southeastern blueberry bees is is not covered in bristles. Observations in North Carolina blueberry fields also suggest that robbing honey bees may visit flowers more quickly that those foraging legitimately. Also, in the second season remove all or nearly all flower buds to help foster better plant establishment. Fruit Characteristics: u0003Large berries with excellent firmness, flavor, color and dry scars Chill Hours: u0003450 hours or less below 45o F (7o C) At a Glance Vernon is an early season rabbiteye blueberry with favorable fruit attributes, large berry size, high yields and excellent plant vigor. Blueberry - Plant a different variety tree no more than six feet (2 meters) apart. Titan is a very new variety (released in 2011) and may take a little time to become widely available. Cross pollinate the Powderblue blueberry bush with two other blueberry varieties for maximum fruit yields. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Rabbiteye Blueberry Bushes. Experiments suggest that swollen rabbiteye flowers (stage 3) (Spiers 1978) can withstand temperatures as low as 25F, but some may be killed at 21F or lower. It has been evaluated in New Jersey and Oregon. Mulching with pine bark or pine straw can increase the vigor of southern highbush. N.C. A Winter Blooming Plants (11 Plants That Bloom In Winter). Professor Emeritus; Emphasis: Blueberry breeding, This makes it easier for bees to collect pollen and increases pollination for blueberry plants. They can be grown in the mountains of North Georgia if soil conditions are met (pine bark mulching recommended) and if birds and deer are controlled. VIDEO Created by Elisabeth Meyer for "Edibles, Bulbs, and Houseplants" a plant identification course offered in partnership withLongwood Gardens. All rights reserved. Some bumble bees may also have yellow bristles on their face, while the yellow patch on male southeastern blueberry bees is is not covered in bristles. Plant different cultivars to extend the berry picking season. Prefer, rich, moist acidic soils. Bumble bee quads can be used for a single season in North Carolina. The same goes for dwarf blueberry plants. According to the Honeybee Conservancy, the common English daisy (Bellis perennis, zones 4 to 8) and numerous types of marigolds (Tagetes spp.) They superfically resemble worker bumble bees on the wing in size and markings, but male southeastern blueberry bees can distinguished by their yellow face. Cooperative Extension prohibits discrimination and harassment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex (including pregnancy), disability, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, and veteran status. Although all blueberry varieties can benefit from being paired with a cross-pollinator, some absolutely require cross-pollination for fruit production. Only 1 terminal bud, larger than side buds, Sun and Shade Demo Garden, Buncombe County, Children's Secret Garden- Wilson Botanical Gardens, Pendulous axillary clusters of urceolate flowers, White to pinkish flowers appear with unfolding foliage, Edible, globose, blue-black berries mid- to late summer. Usually, an outside stimulus is needed to help with pollination of self-pollinating plants. Scintilla requires cross pollination for full fruit set. Get weekly updates sent to your inbox with the latest UGA Extension news. Choose a pollenizer within the same type of blueberry to ensure good berry size and yield. The most common small native bee observed in North Carolina blueberry fields is Bradleys andrena (Andrena bradleyi). They are also less able to self-pollinate than other blueberry types. When bees probe for nectar inside a flower, they brush against the stigma and unwittingly leave behind some of the pollen they are carrying. If you have a dwarf tree, then plant the two varieties less than 20 feet (6 meters) apart. Looking for garden inspiration? Por favor, tenga en cuenta que algunas aplicaciones y/o servicios pueden no funcionar como se espera cuando se traducen. G-434), thus the two selections are related, even though they possess . Plant several varieties for good pollination. Rabbiteye blueberries have a long flowering to ripening period compared to other types of blueberries. New leaves will emerge in spring. represent excellent options for attracting bees due to their bright, large flowers and ample supply of nectar. Refer to a sulfur application chart for exact amounts for your specific pH. . Are Arapaho Blackberry Bushes Self-Pollinating? Also, choosing varieties from the different ripening categories provides a broad harvest season. Older, woody canes (stems) produce smaller, poorer quality fruit. However, it is good to have two or more blueberry varieties of the same type planted together. Rabbiteye blueberries are one of the most delicious fruits grown in the South. Photo: Hannah Burrack. stream Enjoy! 3 0 obj If your soil tests low or medium in phosphorus, use 10-10-10. The Powderblue Blueberry bush is a Rabbiteye variety. As the Powderblue blueberry plant flowers in late spring to early summer, it is less susceptible to late winter or early spring freezes. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Spotted wing drosophila may attack the fruit. 'Ozarkblue' is adapted to the traditional rabbiteye production areas of Oklahoma. Ochlockonee: PP17300. Highbush blueberries often over produce, and annual pruning is usually necessary to keep the bushes healthy. (5 Important Things To Remember). The folic acid may help guard against cervical cancer and may benefit the fetus during pregnancy. Then, plant the blueberries an appropriate distance apart to ensure that bees (the main pollinators for all blueberry varieties) can easily transfer pollen from one plant to the next. Note that the bumble bee is rejecting the carpenter bee slits on these flowers. Blueberries, like cranberries, also help prevent urinary tract . As insects visit blueberry flowers, pollen adheres to their bodies and is carried with them as they move from flower to flower. 1988. Having two or more blueberry varieties of the same type will lead to more even ripening, larger berries, and a better harvest. An early-season variety for Mississippi. Cherry, Sweet - Plant a different variety tree . Some blueberry varieties require cross pollination so variety selection will be critical. Now you know about self-pollination of blueberry plants and what it means. Rabbiteye blueberries are not self-fertile and should be planted with more than one variety for cross-pollination. If you want to read some of my most popular posts, check out the Best of GreenUpSide page here. Pollen is produced for up to 5 days. No guarantee, endorsement, or discrimination among comparable products is intended or implied by the Alabama Cooperative Extension System. You can remove berries from the freezer and wash them before using. Rabbiteye - these blueberry bushes are native to the Southeastern U.S. Ripening period: Ripens late May to early June in the southern growing region. Highbush blueberries generally perform more satisfactorily on lighter (sandy to sandy loam) soils because of the need for good internal drainage to avoid infection by root rot diseases. Thoroughly incorporate or mix organic matter into the planting hole. The catch is: you have to make sure the flowers get pollinated before you can pick all those beautiful blueberries! high and 3 to 4 ft wide. According to North Carolina State University, the buzzing of bees (sonication) shakes pollen from the anthers of flowers. For more information, visit the Language Translation page. So plant blueberries in a protected site to avoid damage to the flower buds. Horticulture, Extension Horticulturist - Fruit Crops, Honey bees are usually not as efficient in pollinating but certain other solitary bees are quite effective. They are easy to pick, and the berries can be large. Blueberries will grow in shady spots, but fruit production will be poor. This variety offers a colorful, edible landscape for novel appeal. This means that each flower has both male and female parts. Never heap fertilizer at the base of plants, instead spread the fertilizer evenly over a circle 18 in. Mummy berry is a fungal disease that causes the berries to shrivel and drop. Flowers are receptive to pollination and seed set for 3 to 5 days after opening. After initial freezing, pack the berries dry in containers and place in the freezer. Blueberry flowers are most likely to be pollinated within the first 3 days after opening. All northern highbush blue-berries are compatible with each other for cross pollination. 946, The University of Georgia 2022 | All rights reserved. Xylocopa virginiais the most common carpenter bee found in North Carolina blueberries. Do not use nitrate forms of fertilizer for blueberries as this will cause root damage. It's hardy from USDA Zones 8-10. On 3- and 4-year-old plants, remove low spreading branches and excessively twiggy growth with too many flower buds. Pollination Although highbush blueberry cultivars generally are self-fertile, cross-pollination by another cul-tivar produces larger berries. Twigs are yellow-green (reddish in winter) and covered with small wart-like dots. If the site is excessively wet, plant on a raised bed 6 to 12 in. To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. Visit www.aces.edu/directory. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to form a strategic partnership called N.C. Though there are at least 17 species native to North Carolina, V. virgatum is the most adaptable and commercially available. If developing individual specimen plants give plants a 25 to 40 ft. Till the soil 8 to 12 in. Delivered right to your inbox once per week. Rabbiteye are native to the southern United States. They grow well on many types of acidic, fairly low organic matter ( 1-2%) soils from . Environmental Entomology. They are commonly grown in states south, west and east of Tennessee. Which bees are the best blueberry pollinators? Burrack. The fruit is a berry 5 mm diameter, dark blue to black, bloomed pale blue-gray by a thin wax coating. Comparisons of blueberries picked on the same day in July from clusters that had either been bagged to exclude pollinators (left) or were uncovered during bloom (right), allowing bees to visit. If your soil pH is in the range of 5.3 to 6.0, sulfur can be applied six months before planting to lower the pH. 4 0 obj Image 5. When bumble bees flap their wings and move the muscles in their bodies, the vibration can shake pollen from flowers. Figure 1. Carpenter bee foraging on salvia. In part, this is because honeybees cannot perform buzz pollination (flower sonication) like bumble bees can. and prosperous Georgia. (5 Important Things To Remember), link to Winter Blooming Plants (11 Plants That Bloom In Winter). Entomology Portal, What made it so helpful? For comparison to the image above here are the same northern highbush blueberries at five years old. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. Store in plastic containers or freezer bags after harvesting. The stimulus could come from several things, such as: Unfortunately, blueberry flowers will not get any help from the first two items in the list above. Over a period of 5 years the bush will be totally renewed. Cooperative Extension System operates as the primary outreach organization Blueberries are easy to pick. Blueberries need acidic soil with a pH between 4.5 to 5.2 (Take a soil sample before planting blueberries). |, An Equal Opportunity, Affirmative Action, Veteran, Disability Institution, County and Club Meetings, Environmental Education, Livestock Programs, Project Achievement, Summer Camp, Aquaculture, Beef, Bees, Dairy, Equine, Small Ruminants, Poultry & Eggs, Swine, Invasive Species, Pollution Prevention, Forestry, Water & Drought, Weather & Climate, Wildlife, Adult & Family Development, Infant, Child and Teen Development, Money, Housing & Home Environment, Corn, Cotton, Forages, Hemp, Peanuts, Small Grains, Soybeans, Tobacco, Turfgrass, Food Preservation, Commercial & Home Food Safety, Food Science & Manufacturing, Nutrition and Health, Blueberries, Grapes, Ornamental Horticulture, Onions, Peaches, Pecans, Small Fruits, Vegetables, Home Gardens, Lawn Care, Ornamentals, Landscaping, Animal Diseases and Parasites, Ants, Termites, Lice, and Other Pests, Nuisance Animals, Plant Pest and Disease Management, Weeds. Successful cross-pollination requires pollination partners to share the same bloom period or have . Therefore, in order to set fruit, the flowers of a blueberry plant must bepollinatedby insects. Rabbiteye blueberries can be grown in warmer areas of the state, and Southern highbush blueberry (a cross between Northern highbush and V. darrowii, native to the South) is proving to be an excellent choice for most locations east of Frederick, MD. Plant blueberries at the same depth they were grown in their containers. You may also need to prune each year after harvest. Planting several cultivars can extend the picking season as well as aid in cross-pollination. Pollination Requirements: Needs at least two varieties for cross pollination and fruit set. Any of the Rabbiteye blueberries will act as pollinators for other Rabbiteye blueberries. With a little effort, these "wonder berries" can be produced by home gardeners throughout Georgia. More commonly grown in Maine and other parts of New England. Rates of up to 0.7 lbs per 100 square feet can be used yearly, if needed. Different from low-bush cultivars seen in Maine, or highbush varieties that perform well in Northern regions, rabbiteye blueberries are native in the Southeastern states and have been cultivated into cherished plants for the home gardener. Rabbiteye blueberry bushes are well suited to grow in the Southeastern US due to their vigorous growing habits and ability to withstand heat. This website uses cookies to collect information to improve your browsing experience. They can be distinguished from bumble bees by their hairless abdomen. The fruit is large and ripens in mid-June in central Oklahoma. This species is actually native to Georgia, and there are varieties than can be produced across the state from the coastal flatwoods to the mountain regions. After chilling is satisfied, the plants enter a deacclimation phase. Suitable for hedging or shrub borders, with attractive tiny pink or white flowers, and often nice fall colors. Bumble bee foraging at a blueberry flower. The flavor is sweet and has low acid. Follow product label directions or use about 1 ounce of 12-4-1 per plant per year of age (not to exceed 6 ounces in the spring, or 5 ounces on postharvest applications). STEP 3 - Determine spacing. So, blueberry plants must rely mainly on pollinators to produce berries. They were packaged with great care. <> By selecting several varieties, you can spread out the length of your harvest time. Female Andrena bradleyi visiting a blueberry flower. Half-high and ornamental blueberry cultivars. from ground level or a total of about 20 percent of the canopy (Figure 2). The fruit may crack with heavy rainfall. Cross pollinate with Brightwell, Powderblue, and Centurian. Placing the blueberry cultivars too far apart reduces the chances that the bees will visit each cultivar in succession, making it virtually impossible for cross-pollination to occur. Tarpy, H.J. Field Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Production, Master Gardener Extension Volunteer Program, Additional Recommendations for Highbush Blueberries, Fall Gardening: A Collection of Information and Resources, Community and School Gardens Series: Less Expensive Sources of Plant Material, Amendments and Tools, Community and School Gardens Series: Growing Fruits, UGA College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, UGA College of Family & Consumer Sciences. The short, early ripening season in late May through early June makes this blueberry variety a good choice for both the home gardener and the commercial grower who machine harvests. There is a central stigma surrounded by 10 shorter anthers. Pruning is important to maintain plant vigor. Deep sandy soils cannot be used unless they are drip irrigated. %PDF-1.5 Some species of bees vibrate each flower with their flight muscles as they collect pollen. Therefore, these can be less desirable choices for the home gardener, although there are newer varieties to try if one is interested. Irrigate with sprinklers or otherwise water regularly if rainfall is insufficient. Spread the fertilizer evenly under and around the bushes. Blueberry bushes attract bees with their abundant flowers. Under good management, blueberry bushes will produce some fruit the second or third year after transplanting. <>>> However, they are still hardworking bees, and their large population helps to make up for their lower efficiency. It has medium size berries that are light medium-blue . One of the most important growing requirements of blueberries is their need for cross-pollination to set fruit. It also adds grace to the landscape and provides dazzling color in the fall with brilliant yellow and red foliage that lights up the landscape. Bloom period: Blooms late February to early March in southern growing region. Cathy Habas has been a full-time freelance writer since 2014. Photo: Hannah Burrack, Male southeastern blueberry bee visiting a blueberry flower. Berries are large and light blue, with a soft dusting that resembles powder. Cross pollination of blueberry plants has several benefits, including: It is important to remember that you will need two different blueberry varieties of the same type to get proper cross pollination. Pollinate with Brightwell, Ochlockonee, and Powderblue. A slow-release fertilizer that has sulfur-coated urea, such as 12-4-1, works well. Base Price: $14.95. These are discouraged for use in the colder mountain regions of the state. Carpenter bees often rob flowers with narrow corollas by creating slits near the base to access floral nectaries. One of the most important things to remember about starting rabbiteye blueberries is to plant more than one variety for cross-pollination to promote adequate fruit set. In comparison to highbush, rabbiteye is more widely adapted to various soil types, can tolerate higher pH, and has a lower chilling requirement so that it will bloom earlier than highbush. Blooming intervals of most varieties overlap enough to ensure adequate cross-pollination. Rabbiteye varieties require cross pollination for maximum fruit set. Maintain new growth on 2-year and older plants by removing any lower, prostrate-growing branches and any weak, diseased, or damaged wood before plants begin growing in the spring. You can do this by tipping or pruning shoots in second winter. Remember, blueberries require an acid soil. Females cannot produce fruit on their own. The basic rule of thumb is to choose varieties of the same species that also have the same bloom time. The stigma often extends out of the flower. Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day), Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours). This brief publication gives a few helpful hints to get started. For the home gardener desiring something unique, edible ornamental blueberries have been developed recently to offer the opportunity to "surround yourself with flavorful beauty." A single blueberry bush can produce a huge harvest of delicious fruit. Half-High - these blueberry bushes are a hybrid. You do not need to cross pollinate blueberries to get fruit. Its tasty, medium-sized berries are medium blue and all ripen in a concentrated period of time. The flowers are white, bell-shaped, 4-8 mm long. Here are some of the most popular rabbiteye blueberries available in nurseries today, listed by fruiting season. Honey bees are typically stocked in commerical blueberry fields at rates of one to four hives per acre and are typically the most abundant bee species in North Carolina blueberry fields for this reason. A flower bud stage scheme was developed years ago by Spiers (1978) to help designate rabbiteye blueberry sensitivity to cold damage. Of course, self-pollination does not mean guaranteed pollination. Annals of the Entomologial Society of America. Mix wetted peat moss or milled pine bark with the soil in each planting hole (2 to 4 gallons depending on size of the hole). D 05/25/2021 Dillon Koch Very surprised I was expecting a smaller blueberry bush in halfway decent shape after shipping and what I got was amazing. Summary. Vernon also has large berries. Pruning opens up the plant for greater sunlight penetration to the foliage. For best results, consult the developer's planting recommendations to choose a confirmed cross-pollinator for a half-high blueberry cultivar. Planting with other southern highbush with a similar bloom time is recommended for optimum cross-pollination. Honey bee using a carpenter bee feeding slit to poach or rob nectar from a blueberry flower. Winter is a time of rest for both gardener and garden. Though there are at least 17 species native to North Carolina, V. virgatum is the most adaptable and commercially available. Early-Season Rabbiteye Blueberries Mid- to Late-Season Rabbiteye Blueberries Horticulture. &mns7@zPTI;3D=Y]~do\~}WW-,dgA_,]Vggg.syg[)<1 rqD8_"%aG|{N3q#3$]+f,bo+vJ;nH$u)RMB&KZ(8=9){(_ Blueberry plants can put on a lot of new growth each year when pruned correctly. Highbush blueberry plants can grow over 6 tall with a similar spread. This will improve pollination and yield more fruit. Firm the soil after planting. One of the advantages of home garden blueberry plants is they seldom require spraying for insects or diseases in most areas of the state. According to the Department of Plant and Soil Science at the University of Vermont, the three species are highbush, lowbush, and rabbiteye. . In self-pollinating plants, the male part of the flower can release pollen onto the female part of the flower. Hi, I'm Jon. It cannot move on its own and it is not easily blown around by the wind like pine pollen or corn pollen. Suziblue has very large fruit as does Camellia. Rabbiteye - these blueberry bushes are native to the Southeastern U.S. Cooperative Extension prohibits discrimination and harassment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex (including pregnancy), disability, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, and veteran status. Rabbiteye Varieties This method is not feasible for a large number of plants. What separates NC State University from other schools? Here are some examples of compatible blueberry varieties of each type: This list is not exhaustive you can certainly find other pairings of different varieties of the same type to increase your blueberry yield. Branches 1, 4, and 7 have been removed and branches 2, 3, 5, and 6 have been tipped.

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