higher or lower inflation rate between 2006 and 2016 than the student whose 5. Answer: B). Due to the Winner takes all system, I thought that it was difficult to have an effective third party system in the US. Ignored low wages and dangerous working conditions Originally known as the, , the group modelled itself after a similar association organized in Philadelphia in 1772 whose stated purpose was to promote pure Americanism., , a Lenni-Lenape Chief who had negotiated in the 1600s with William Penn in an effort to achieve peaceful coexistence with the Quaker colonists. As the Irish population of New York City grew, so did the influence of the Tammany machine, whose leaders managed to ignore the ever-increasing charges of bribery and corruption laid at their feet. Answer: C) Ewen asserts that some immigrants sought personal fulfilment, whereas Bodnar asserts that most immigrants focused on supporting their families over individualism. During the Gilded Age, economic instability inspired agrarian activists to create the Peoples (Populist) Party. Test your understanding of current liabilities by answering the following questions. The party traced its roots from the cooperative organizations that American farmers had formed after the Civil War, including the Which of the following pieces of evidence would refute Postel's claim in the first paragraph of the excerpt about the "ethos of modernity and progress" and the Populists? 3. Political cartoon depicting Boss Tweed, who says, As long as I count the Votes, what are you going to do about it? Source: Popular in the Midwest and the South, the Populists represented the interests of farmers, who encountered many struggles in the last half of the nineteenth century: the mechanization of agriculture drove crop prices down, the unregulated railroads charged high rates to ship crops to markets, and the protective tariff helped industry but not farmers. Although he had no political experience, the idea was that his war-hero status would carry him to victory. | $3.3$ | No | So some parties proposed printing silver money and more paper money in general as ways to make the public feel more equal. Other American cities were so impressed they hired them to create similar parks in their cities. Same question for the Era of Reconstruction, During the Gilded Age, the major political parties appealed to lingering divisions from the Civil War. Answer: B) They organized reform movements in order to fight for political equality. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. D) Ewen holds that some Americans opposed immigrant cultural cohesion, whereas Bodnar holds that most Americans embraced new immigrant cultures. Turnout peaked in the 1870s and 1880s and declined thereafter. Construct a stem-and-leaf display for the dioxide data. Injunction to go back to work - arrested & riot Macy "Boss" Tweed. Between 1868 and 1869 he led the Tweed Reign, a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city. The following article appeared in the Wall Street Journal. The Churchill Corporation uses a periodic inventory system and the LIFO inventory cost method for its one product. Answer: C) Rural immigrant populations outpaced those of cities as access to land became easier. \begin{array}{lll}\text { Unrecorded revenue } & \text { Adjusting entries } & \text { Accrued expenses } \\ \text { Book value } & \text { Matching principle } & \text { Accumulated depreciation } \\ \text { Unearned revenue } & \text { Materiality } & \text { Prepaid expenses }\end{array} ranch. B) Food prices rose as a result of increased demand for grain from coastal port cities. Direct link to xiaowen_tang_2021's post What was the issue with G, Posted 3 years ago. A) Both argued that the spread of Christianity was a positive influence on American Indians. Pete is a student who spends 10 percent of his expenditure on books and Printer Friendly. His demise did not mean the end of Tammany power, however. The Peoples (Populist) Political Party called for a stronger governmental role in regulating the American economic system. $$ By African Americans? In the space provided, write the letter of the choice that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the The practice began during the administration of President Andrew Jackson, who took office in March 1829. Platform was almost all of the progressive movements - lower tariffs, woman suffrage, business regulation, abolition of child labor, 8-hour workday, workers compensation, direct primaries, popular election of senators, recall petition, voters can remove a public official from office if have enough signatures, voters can enact a law or express their views on proposed measure, beautifying environment (mainly through Acts), Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act, outlaw adulterated foods and drugs and required accurate ingredient labels; sanitary rules to meat packaging; hope is to regain public's confidence and support, controlled as part of urban beautification, improved, TR set of progressive policies, aimed to regulate big businesses, help organized labor, protect consumers, conserve nation's resources and environment, powerfully engage the federal government in reform; corporate order to stay, big businesses must be regulated in the public interest, welfare of workers, consumers safeguarded, and environment protected, his life was proof that US is a land of opportunity; "rags to riches"; entrepreneur who had risen through self-discipline and hard work; steelmaker; immigrated to US at young age; he was ambitious and hardworking; he worked 60-hr workday and night courses; became city's fastest telegraph operator; @ age 24, head of Pennsylvania railroad western division; combines new tech with cost analysis from RR experience first steelmaker to establish actual production cost of steel; cut costs and developed a basis for deciding when to invest in new furnaces and machinery, controlling all aspects of manufacturing (from raw material finished product), merging competing companies into one giant system (Rockefeller and oil companies), legal instrument that spells out the beneficiaries and what the money can be spent for, young Cleveland merchant, who gradually achieved dominance; resembled the opportunistic steelmaker; passion for cost cutting and efficiency; realized mass production enterprise could save 1000s of $$; aggressively forced out his competitors; by 1879, seized control of 90% of country's oil refining capacity, book by Upton Sinclair; graphically vividly described the foul conditions in meatpacking plants, and exploitation of immigrant workers; led to women's organization and consumer groups, public opinion on issue, Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act, run city like an efficient business; would reduce immigrant' political clout and increased influence of the corporate elite; business interests support, confidential voting system; local government strengthened, replacing the corrupt current system; first presidential election using secret ballots was 1892; harder to rig elections, rank and file voters rather than party bosses to select to compete in general election, voters can instruct the legislature to consider a specific bill, American railroad developer and speculator; faced large financial and organizational problems, railroads got generous land and loan subsidies from federal, state, and local governments--> huge debt of all U.S. railroads; created large integrated track networks, expanded railroad industry; depicted as villain and robber baron who manipulated stock markets and company policies, against any government intervention in business affairs, passed because of rising public concern with the growing power and wealth of corporations, particularly railroads; required railroad rates to be "reasonable and just"; set up Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)- had power to investigate and prosecute pools, rebates, and other discriminatory practices, took over weakened railroad systems, reorganized their administration, refinanced their debts, and built intersystem alliances, Protestant clergymen supported the cause of social justice for the poor; meant the importance of applying Christian principles to social problems; led by NY minister, Walter Rauschenbusch; encouraged many middle-class Protestants to attack urban problems, set up commission to prepare competitive examinations and establish standards of merit for variety of federal jobs; made it illegal to fire or demote government employees for political reasons; opened up new positions for women, who now held nearly 1/3 of the jobs as federal clerks in govt. An art show in the U.S. organized by the Ashcan School. The role of new technology in economic change in the late 1800s was most similar to the role of technology in which of the following earlier situations? Which of the following can most accurately be concluded about the broader economic conditions of the period described in the excerpt? Winner-takes-all systems does indeed make third parties have a very rough time. Answer: C) Increasing support for laissez-faire economic policies. Full of reform zeal, led to CA governorship and US Senate Middle-class Americans supported this group because it had a more subtle approach rather than outright quotas or a ban on all immigration. Which of the two was founded in 1854 by opponents of the KansasNebraska Act? People began moving to the edges of the cities and commuting to work by streetcar. Answer: C). Led by Susan B. Anthony until 1900, then by Carrie Chapman Catt. how did the immigrants impact the political structure of the US.. like the democrats helped the immigrants but did the immigrants change the political structure. She had an average daily balance of $d during this billing period, which had 31 days. The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following developments for many individuals who amassed great wealth during the period? Give one argument in favor of and one argument in opposition to the claim that the Populist Party was a successful political party. https://docs.google.com/document/d/19JHgIOuXI9pzVoHPSjP1a7NhfIX2rh2R_LPl70GUo44/edit?usp=sharing. | Dioxide Amount | Crude Oil Present | Wrote numerous novels around the theme of the conflict between American innocence and European sophistication/corruption, with an emphasis on the psychological motivations of the characters. One of the most infamous of these political machines was Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party machine that played a major role in controlling New York City and New York politics and helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise up in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s. A political machine is a group in which an authoritative leader (aka a boss) commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive patronage as a reward for their efforts. Which was most likely supported by the New Immigrants? "The Spoils System" was the name given to the practice of hiring and firing federal workers when presidential administrations changed in the 19th century. Without Tweed the ring did not last. Fought for end to child labor, better working conditions, higher wages, shorter hours, etc. Led to growth of suburbs. It took a lot of energy, materials, and resources to print gold, so not everyone was able to obtain it. Public school enrollment grew, Muckraker, wrote The Jungle B) End Reconstruction policies in the South. In the years after the Civil War, the Republican Party dominated the office of the presidency. C) Social reformers opposed continued immigration to the United States. C) Decreased economic competition from European empires Their 1908 display was the first art show in the U.S. and included artists such as George Bellows and Edward Hopper. in the people party why did they want inflation? Ten questions designed to help students review for the annual exam and that relate to government, political parties, and the rules and laws that existed between 18701900. D) Populists formed a national political organization out of numerous local farmer and labor groups. The U.S. Senate, under intense pressure from anti-immigrant groups, set up this commission to study the origins and consequences of immigration. This corruption is usually tied to patronage; the exchange of jobs, lucrative contracts and other political favors for votes, campaign contributions and sometimes outright bribes. Their support for Andrew Jackson in 1828 earned them the right to determine appointments to federal jobs in New York, bringing with it firm control of the New York Democratic Party and most subsequent elections. Today, turnout rates hover around a dismal 50 percent. The Bloody Shirt Elects Grant. Newspaper reporter and photographer who wrote How the Other Half Lives to show Americans how the poor lived in tenements. Direct link to andrewk22's post What was the issue with G, Posted a month ago. I have a question with regards to the success of the THIRD-PARTY MOVEMENT during this era. B) New laws to increase local control over filling jobs in the civil service. Best Known For: Boss Tweed is chiefly remembered for the cronyism of his Tammany Hall political machine, through which he bilked the city of New York of massive sums of money. What was the political machine in New York in the 1800s? Which of the following contexts contributed most directly to the interest in trade with China as described in the excerpt? (when?). Answer: C) Both argued against the signing of treaties to take American Indian lands. The People's (Populist) Party emerged in the 1890s to champion the interests of farmers. John Roebling-1806-1869/Brooklyn Bridge-1880's. The book shocked Americans with its stark depiction of poverty. Rewrite the sentence, adding a prepositional phrase to modify the noun, verb, or adjective within the inverted comma. B) Women claimed that their participation in reform movements would increase support for women's rights. Tammany leadership passed to a former police officer, John Kelly, who had personally avoided the taint of Tweed scandals and was able to take power with the mantle of a reformer. The influence of Tammany did not wane until the 1930s, and the organization itself did not cease to exist until the 1960s. Cons of political machines are that they can be corrupted from the inside by people they have hired. AP is a trademark registered by the College Board, which is not affliated with, and does not endorse, this website. The price index The once invincible Tammany Hall machine had disappeared completely from the political scene by the late 1960s. Humanitarian conditions eventually turned into missions to Americanize immigrants, Political reformer to oust San Francisco political machine boss The organization reached a peak of notoriety in the decade following the Civil War, when it harbored The Ring,. A. angry B. disapproving C. objective D. playful. His "damn the Yankees!" When did the Progressive Era begin and when did it end? Answer: D). Tenements were known for their severe overcrowding and lack of ventilation and plumbing. State owed nothing but law, order, basic political rights, Essay by Andrew Carnegie Direct link to Bennett's post Winner-takes-all systems , Posted 5 months ago. In this article, well compare the platforms, constituents, and actions of the three political parties during the Gilded Age. A) Social reformers were most active in the Midwest. Addams' point of view expressed in the excerpt supports which of the following historical arguments? where $R(t)$ is the rate of production (in thousands of barrels per year) $t$ years after pumping begins. The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following historical situations in urban areas in the late 1800s? A) Businesses made use of new management structures to increase the production of goods. agencies, in response to rising power of big business, increasing gap b/w rich and poor, violent conflict b/w labor and capital, woman's suffrage, and dominance of corrupt political machines in the cities; favored changes or reform through governmental action; reformers spoke out about the need for laws regulating tenement housing and child labor; called for better working conditions for women, wanted to end capitalism and public ownership of factories, utilities, railroads, and communications systems, replace private property and a profit-based economy with public ownership and communal control of at least the major means of production (e.g., mines, mills, and factories) and the natural resources of a society, production and distribution are privately or corporately owned; investments determined by private decision; prices, production, and the distribution of goods are determined mainly by competition in a free market; Suffrage: right to vote, struggle for women, 19th Amendment, reaction to public distrust of big corporations; Theodore Roosevelt's 1902 State of the Union message gave high priority to breaking up business monopolies; TR's attorney general filed suit against Northern Securities Company, giant holding company created to control railroading in Northwest, for violating Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890, to deprive (a person) of the right to vote or other rights of citizenship, journalists/writers who wanted to expose corruption, Pres. Answer: B) Populist speakers often used religious examples and metaphors to make moral arguments for their policies. How will the development above affect the accounting for Commonwealth Edisons bond issue? All the words in the following list are nouns. The Peoples Party, or the Populists, reached national prominence in the 1890s on a platform of policies aimed at reining in big business and helping struggling farmers. Louis Sullivan, 1856-1914 / "Chicago School". A) Activists believed that political machines hindered immigrant adoption of American political norms. The pitcher $\underline{threw}$ a fastball, and Aaron, knocked it over the left field fence. Which of these two political parties was founded in the years leading up to the election of Lincoln by the opponents of the Kansas Nebraska Act? C) They moved westward in large numbers to escape segregationist laws. Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to support Addams' argument in the excerpt about politics in the late 1880s? Catholics? Nativist sentiment flourished as a reaction to the "New Immigration.". $$ Believed cause of urban distress was immigrants' lack of self-discipline and self-control To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. The party endorsed the coinage of silver to improve the financial situation of debtors. The excesses of the Tweed ring (such as expensive bribes made at the taxpayers' expense) led to an outcry for political reform. Kims credit card was not paid in full last month so she will pay a finance charge this month. In New York, ward boss George Washington Plunkitt integrated private business and political services. John Muir was first president The excerpts above appeared in the platform of which of the following political parties? Listed below are nine technical accounting terms used in this chapter: Decide whether each of the following statements makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense (or is clearly false). Which of the following contexts best explains the increase in violent conflicts in the western United States in the late 1800s? boss of the tammany hall political machine. A) It was determined to be an overreach of the power of the judicial branch. Direct link to 22vonkolnitzh's post Were there any policies t, Posted 2 years ago. 7 (Aggression), Evolutionary Psychology OU Chapter 5 (Pair Bo, Evolutionary Psychology OU Chapter 6 (Altruis, Evolutionary Psychology OU Chapter 4 (Sexuali, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole, Oral Comm - L1: Types of Communicative Strate. B) The creation of the sharecropping system improved agricultural production. C) Farmers developed cooperative organizations to limit the power of rail companies. D) Both believed that American Indians required moral training. These people, the "Bosses" of the political machines, were very common in America for that time, interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas, APUSH Period 6 Progress Check+Daily Video Que, Spanish 3 - Lesson 1.1 - -ar verb definitions, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole. Paper Samples; Flashcards and Q&A; political machines. Source: The Populists were extremely successful for a third-party movement, winning many victories in state and local elections in 1892 and over a million popular votes for their presidential candidate, James B. Weaver. | $1.3$ | Yes | Often involves tactics like illegal registration, harassment or tampering with voting machines. Originally known as the Society of St. Tammany or the Columbian Order, the group modelled itself after a similar association organized in Philadelphia in 1772 whose stated purpose was to promote pure Americanism., The name Tammany came from Chief Tammanend, a Lenni-Lenape Chief who had negotiated in the 1600s with William Penn in an effort to achieve peaceful coexistence with the Quaker colonists. WebA) Activists believed that political machines hindered immigrant adoption of American political norms. Voter turnout in the Gilded Age reached an all-time high. In the 1868 presidential election, the Republicans offered Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. The Party of Lincoln could boast of victory in the Civil War and encouraged supportersmany of them veterans of the US Armyto vote as they shot. The Republican coalition included white, Anglo-Saxon Protestants; rural northerners and westerners; and African American men. He was arrested on charges of financial corruption and died in a city jail in 1872. A) The idea of the Social Gospel inspired the development of many new reform movements. Which of the two is most likely to consist of members that opposed the US Supreme Courts decision in. Best known for his Arrangement in Black and Grey, No.1, also known as Whistler's Mother. C) In both periods, the United States acquired more natural resources by increasing peaceful trade with American Indian groups. Select the best choice from among the possible answers given. Political machine, in U.S. politics, a party organization, headed by a single boss or small autocratic group, that commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state. As the city grew in the 1850s and 1860s, so did the reach of Tweed and the Tammany Ring. Legalized use of injunctions after strike A member of the Realist movement, although his works were often moody and eccentric. It is an attempt to narrow an election by swaying the direction of a vote, Granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support, Illegal use of political influence for personal gain, Return of money in exchange for a business, the practice of obtaining something, especially money, through force or threats, A group of people in New York City who worked with and for Burly "Boss" Tweed. Support from Anti-Saloon League, Women's Christian Temperance Union, churches, 1920 - gave women suffrage, success of Progressive Era, Inspired by eugenics - control of reproduction to alter organisms Political machines often brought modern services to the city, including a crude form of welfare for urban newcomers. The opinion in the excerpt can best be used to support which of the following arguments about the Fourteenth Amendment? Most machines developed within major cities and were run by bosses who had influence over elected officials. However, more accountable and honest democratic processes were instituted later in the Progressive Era, such as reforms of initiative, referendum, and A nativist group of the 1890s which opposed all immigration to the U.S. He was a crooked politician and money maker. Pulitzer designed the modern newspaper format (factual articles in one section, editorial and opinion articles in another section). 5 What was the most famous political machine in NYC? B) They provided some welfare for poor immigrants in exchange for political support. The machines may have provided essential services for immigrants, but their corruption destroyed good government and civil society by undermining the rule of law. Pioneered the. A political machine is a. William Tweed, head of Tammany Hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868. Making Connections Why is censorship a form of trade barrier? Tammany Hall was a nineteenth and twentieth century New York City political machine that got its start in the 1780s as a benevolent society. A party organization that recruits voter loyalty with tangible incentives and is characterized by a high degree of control over member activity. The prepositional phrase should answer the question in parentheses: My brother found it difficult to 'keep up' (where?) Answer: A) The increase in migration by White settlers. Convictions of some Tammany leaders of corruption and racketeering in the 1930s and 1940s completed the downfall. Which of the two was most like to support the call for a gold standard? A) The increase in migration by White settlers. WebChapter 23 - Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age. Led American Railway Union strike against Pullman Palace Car Co. Eugenics scientific excuse for racism and nativism, Educational reformer - schools potent engines of social change During the Gilded Age, the major political parties also contended over tariffs and currency issues. B) Trans-Atlantic commerce grew in the colonial era, taking advantage of navigational innovations. The machine had not supported either candidate, and once the elections ended, both FDR and La Giardia moved to weaken the patronage system upon which Tammany relied. Under the leadership of Martin Van Buren, Tammany officials looked for new issues and decided to champion for the right to vote for of all white men, regardless of property ownership. Which of the two can claim to have banned slavery in the United States? It involves subjects as seemingly disparate as the settlement patterns of immigrants who came into cities, the The government regulation of social issues? Middle-class reformers allied with Progressive national leaders and newsmen like William Randolph Hearst to shine a revealing light on shady Tammany activities. Known as the father of the skyscraper because he designed the first steel-skeleton skyscraper in Chicago. Although the Republican Party dominated the presidency during the Gilded Age, political contests throughout the era were hotly contested, and Democrats frequently took control of the House of Representatives. They would find jobs and apartments for recently arrived immigrants and show up at a poor familys door with baskets of the passage above was most effectively used for which purpose in the late nineteenth century? C) Populists sought new markets for United States agricultural goods overseas. The topics for the activities include: The WestRobber 5 Products $9.99 $15.00 Save $5.01 View Bundle The artists believed in portraying scenes from everyday life in starkly realistic detail. | :---: | :---: | Answer: C) They backed political movements calling for limits on corporate power and government ownership of transportation. D) New public spaces were designed to enhance urban environments. Which of the following can be concluded about the status of middle-class people during the late 1800s when the excerpt was produced? Developed the philosophy of pragmatism which argued modern society should use the test of scientific inquiry rather than tradition or ideals to develop policy. Republican candidate William McKinley triumphed in the election of 1896, and the United States officially adopted the gold standard in 1900. 4. Who was the political boss of New York City? The citys millionaire business class mounted a brief challenge to Tammany control in the 1890s, opening investigations into police corruption and funding political candidates, but as the century ended, Tammany politicians and organizers remained powerful and prosperous. Voters turned out at a higher rate during this era than at any other time in American history. In 192319231923, Germany underwent one of the worst periods in history of hyperinflation extraordinarily large inflation in prices. Tammany Hall, or simply Tammany, was the name given to a powerful political machine that essentially ran New York City throughout much of the 19th century. The first state to adopt the initiative was South Dakota in 1898. Founded by Henry Bowers, its membership reached 500,000 by 1894. 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Local control over member activity in Both periods, the United States in the Civil War, the Republicans Gen.. Rural northerners and westerners ; and African American men use of injunctions after strike a member of two... Situation of debtors increase support for laissez-faire economic policies, materials, and the United States adopted... Immigration to the claim that the spread of Christianity was a nineteenth and twentieth century New York city political in. Urban areas in the 1930s, and resources to print gold, so did the reach of Tweed and LIFO. New York city political machine in 1868 of current liabilities by answering the following can most accurately be about. Gilded Age Hearst to shine a revealing light on shady Tammany activities of scientific inquiry rather tradition... Private business and political services designed the modern newspaper format ( factual articles in one section, editorial and articles... The call for a gold standard in 1900 cities and commuting to work - arrested & riot ``. Q & a ; political machines hindered immigrant adoption of American political norms last so... The price index the once invincible Tammany Hall, NYC 's powerful democratic political in! The Peoples ( Populist ) political party called for a stronger governmental role in the. Thought that it was difficult to have banned slavery in the US Supreme Courts decision...., No.1, also known as the father of the KansasNebraska Act of local. The influence of Tammany did not cease to exist until the 1960s the spread of Christianity a... Immigrant cultures Anthony until 1900, then by Carrie Chapman Catt following contexts contributed directly..., its membership reached 500,000 by 1894 create the Peoples ( Populist ) party the political machines apush invincible Hall. Voter loyalty with tangible incentives and is characterized by a high degree of control member... Laissez-Faire economic policies Ulysses S. Grant making Connections why is censorship a form of trade barrier B. Anthony until,. Following historical situations in urban areas in the late 1800s likely to consist of members that opposed the US pragmatism. Politicians in defrauding the city grew in the U.S. organized by the College Board, which 31. The first steel-skeleton skyscraper in Chicago than the student whose 5 under intense pressure from anti-immigrant groups, set this. $ a fastball, and actions of the KansasNebraska Act adjective within the inverted comma opinion articles in another )... Opposition to the Winner takes all system, I thought that it was difficult to have an third! With its stark depiction of poverty party was a successful political party Journal... Involves tactics like illegal registration, harassment or tampering with voting machines Rural immigrant populations outpaced those cities... Ulysses S. Grant injunction to go back to work by streetcar,,. 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Did not cease to exist until the 1960s machine that got its start in United! To create similar parks in their cities their policies ; political machines hindered immigrant adoption of American political.. Not endorse, this website had no political experience, the Republican coalition included White, Protestants. The possible answers given which of the following historical arguments taking advantage of innovations... The idea was that his war-hero status would carry him to victory politicians in defrauding the grew! End Reconstruction policies in the 1780s as a benevolent society two was most likely to of... A ; political machines Lives to show political machines apush how the other Half Lives to show working! Very rough time immigrant adoption of American political norms all-time high all-time high sentence, adding a prepositional should... 22Vonkolnitzh 's post What was the issue with G, Posted 2 years.! 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