Research by Ahmad Ali Noorbala and colleagues from Tehran University of Medical Sciences shows women in Iran have a greater incidence of mental disorders than women in Western cultures. I know that Ive done a lot of wicked things in my life. It is uncommon for people to overtly express themselves or publicly identify with unconventional subcultures or hobbies. They are beliefs, ideas, and principles that are specific to your home and how it functions. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. Even today with rampant urbanization, Iranians value nature and make every attempt to spend time in the open air. By definition, integrity means to maintain strong moral principles like honesty, fairness, and honor. Somaq: It is a Persian spice that represents sunlight. Mexicans are very culture and values, Nigerians progressively imbibed the white-men's way of life and values (Nwabuisi, 2000). I always went to pilgrims when I was under chemotherapy. In the first pattern, religious actions are rooted in religious beliefs. Inter-cultural and cross-cultural competencies were made visible. The first one is conversation with God and saints. Despite restrictions on their public involvement, many women in Iran are highly educated. The notion that illness is a test imposed on us by God is an old one. Those families that have connections with the government are sometimes afforded latitude to deviate from strict rules, or they may receive more lenient consequences for their actions. Many people study for a higher education or post-graduate degree as strong respect is shown to those who have proof of expertise. Instead, people are expected to self-deprecate their success. I think one thing that helped me was to walk this path alone. The government does not approve of casual dating or premarital sex and enforces the separation of the genders. One of the most interesting finding from the present study is that although several interviewees reported relying on God, their coping methods cannot be defined as passive. Most Iranians seem to be unified across ethnic divides. And this is the way he wants to remind me. Even Iranians that leave the house as husband and wife can draw negative attention. While it borders seven different countries, the Iranian people do not seem to affiliate themselves with the Arab world; nor do they share much commonality with those in South/Central Asia. Those who are employed usually do desktop-based office work and also rarely get the same management opportunities. (p. 138). Ultimately, a womans independence and freedom to make choices for herself (i.e. Show abstract. View. Much of the population seeks a return to a more liberal society; older generations can often remember the time when public life was more easy-going and younger generations, exposed to alternative ideas through the internet and overseas education, yearn for a lifting of restrictions on individual behaviour. Still, when religion plays a predominant role as a coping resource, this is often because the individual has few or limited other alternatives available in his/her immediate sociocultural context. The transcriptions were then coded, categorised, and thematised using a thematic analysis method. A Minor Leap Down, an Iranian film featured at international film festivals in Berlin and Toronto, illustrates the struggle of a 30-year-old Iranian woman named Nahal, whose deteriorating mental health is undermined by her family. Rather, the distinctive Persian identity engenders a strong sense of pride and belonging among its people. The study reveals that, as Shia Muslims, the informants while relying on the power of the God believe in their own efforts to receive Gods mercy, often by making a pilgrimage, ziyarat. They ensure civil law and court decisions abide by the principles of Islam, and are generally highly conservative. Cultural beliefs affect health and wellness through the information that it provides for its people. It is worth noting that the expectations regarding what is honourable and shameful can vary significantly between different people, family backgrounds and social attitudes. According to Cuesta and Yousefian (Citation2015): Although compliments might be seen as face-flattering acts, in Islamic societies it is believed that they could attract the evil ey. In A Minor Leap Down, filmmaker Rajabi addresses the over-prescription of psychotropic medication in Iran, explaining: Depression signifies that a part of our lives hurtand taking pills wont solve anything until we distinguish which part of our life is causing the problem.. 0467469664; admin@thecleanex.com.au; The Cleanex is an NDIS Service Provider - NDIS Provider Number: 4050017476 This perspective includes both religious and secular cultural settings, especially Muslim ones. Medications like these are seen as first-line treatment in Iran. Islam is practiced by the majority of Iranians and governs their personal, political, economic and legal lives. We found two patterns. In public, people behave in the way that will benefit them (i.e. The cultural interpretation of the religion has been traditionally open-minded, making allowances for liberal behaviour and improvements in womens rights. They were conducted face-to-face and in Persian; all interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. An orienting system is formed by the culture and affects the individuals life. Spiritual Connection means experiencing a sense of connectedness with forces that transcend the individual as a coping method to gain comfort. Family culture influences the way each family member thinks, feels, and acts on a daily basis. However, the interviews had different reasons for practicing such habits. The concepts and topics of spirituality and secular meaning-making coping also overlap, but there is no overlap between secular and religious concepts and topics. Shia Muslims believe that Imams are not dead, but alive; and if one visits Imams in holy places, they may mediate to heal ones sickness and help solve ones problems. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. According to Aflakseir and Coleman (Citation2011): The Quran emphasises clearly that the difficulties in this world are to test the believer and also asking people to have patience in facing their problems. It is also considered quite prestigious to be able to trace ones heritage back for centuries. (53-year-old female), Hand in hand with God, we walked together on this path. However, Iranians generally do not try to talk themselves up to defend their honour. Iranians can often recount the countrys legacy and heritage in great detail. In this respect, a 48-year-old woman explained: I believe that closeness to God, attending religious meetings, reading the Holy Book and visiting the mosque improves my health and calms me down. Method In a qualitative content analysis approach, we searched for the factors promoting spirituality among a selection . As in other studies in the international project, after translation of the transcribed interviews, the interview protocols were coded in line with the themes found in the study using a thematic analysis method (Braun & Clarke, Citation2006) and the MAXQDA software (version 12). From this is can be appreciated that, while people do date casually, most casual relationships are approached particularly earnestly as there is a certain risk involved. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the region, and it has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. Today, a majority of transplants performed in Iran are from living non-related donations (LNRD). For many Iranians, there is a personal contradiction between what they want to do and what they are permitted to do. Ziyarat is, however, not merely a way of reaching God to ask for help. When Aryan (Indo-Iranian) tribes migrated to the region of modern-day Iran, it came to be known as Ariana or Iran - the land of the Aryans. In this pattern, praying to and conversing with saints and imams are in focus; one interesting finding was that no one reported having turned to Clergies in this respect. Nevertheless, while politics is commonly ridiculed, most people are very reluctant to criticise Islam both from a social standpoint and a moral/theological perspective. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Because beliefs, customs, and practices related to health care may differ across societ-ies and cultural groups, responses to high-stress nursing Figure 1, presented by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018), depicts the relation between religious, spiritual and secular existential coping observed in our project. All these things calm me down and give me strength. Deborah A. Boyle, RN, MSN. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia! Being Muslim and professing the prophecy of Muhammad is not enough for salvation in the absence of believing in Shia Imams (Khoshkjan Citation2016, p. 3). Thus, secular meaning-making coping hardly has any point of connection with a traditional sacred context, but can overlap with a search for connectedness with a sacred source without relating to God or any traditional religious context. The perceived role of God in illness and recovery is a primary influence upon the health care beliefs and behaviors of American Muslims, a first-of-its-kind study has discovered. One interviewee, a 53-year-old woman, explained: I thought maybe I had committed sins and that this was Gods way of punishing me. It would seem reasonable to assume that religion is more accessible to individuals whose orientation system is greatly marked by religion. . So I accepted it and was happy with it. If faced with criticism, Iranians are likely to deny any fault in order to avoid dishonour. This high rate of cesarean requires careful consideration. Thus, the belief system, ways of thinking and lifestyle of an individual are chiefly culturally constructed. The first, and perhaps most crucial, elements of culture we will discuss are its values and beliefs. In Iranian culture, boys are generally more indulged than girls, and more opportunities are generally available to them in the public sphere. I believe everybody has sinned somehow. Culture influences the health comprehension, treatment options, and diagnostic claims of an individual. Permission will be required if your reuse is not covered by the terms of the License. Figure 1. Role of Father: In traditional families, the father is the head of the household. When she tries to address the issue with her mother and husband, shes turned away. According to Majlesi (Citation1982) (a very important religious figure in Iran) (p. 209), the reward (savab) of pilgrimage of Imam Rezas tomb in Mashhad (Iran) is equal to one thousand hajes- pilgrim to Macca. Patients then use the data forwarded to families and family members to come to a solid understanding of their health status. This system of theocratic governance remains in place today. They help each other through difficulties, and are always there for each other through thick and thin. I never forget Him for a second. The health care beliefs and values of Mexican-Americans. Across most households, elders are deeply respected and cared for. I told the nurse to bring me a Quran. The culture of sitting next to the table, pickles, flavors, sweets, and the rituals of its beginning and end, or hosting, and serving food is one of the main pillars, also shows this importance. This being said, many families see the education and development of their daughters as equally important. Arranged marriage is generally not a cultural practice but can be found in some isolated rural areas. On the contrary, seeking the love of saints and imams was found in this study. The way this is done will depend on the individual The verse continues this way: Recite in the name of your Lord who createdCreated man from a clinging substance. I thought to myself a clinging substance means a blood mass and I had Leukemia too, so God who creates mankind from blood can heal me. The criteria suggested by Lincoln and Guba (Citation1985) were utilised in the current research to ensure trustworthiness. The study reveals, among others, the impact of cultural beliefs on certain religious coping methods, even among those who are not regarded as practicing Muslims. After explaining the purpose of the study and ensuring confidentiality, informed consent for audio-recording the interview was obtained from the informants. This being the case, we can understand why our informants have used visiting pilgrims as a method of coping with their illness. Cultural values are a culture's core beliefs about what's good or right. As Corbin (Citation1964/Citation1993, p. 4) mentions, in Islam there is no clergy which possesses the means of grace. Islam has neither a dogmatic magisterium, nor a council which has the task of defining dogma. Another coping method in this category is Punishing God Reappraisal. According to Nation Master, females made up over 60% of the overall Iranian student body in 2012. This loyalty also means that family honour and shame is shared between all family members. Nonetheless, there are some mainstays of Iranian society, such as the importance of family, the proud adherence to local culture and traditions, and the tendencies toward post-modern ways of life and ways of thinking that influence the choice of coping strategies. My destiny and life are in His hands and I accept whatever He decides for me. The Persians were only one of these tribes who settled in the territory of Persis (also Parsa, modern-day Fars) which would give them their name. There remains a great deal of protection around girls in this regard. These are primarily their family members and close friends. Despite the firmly entrenched reach of the Islamic Republic, Iranians generally discuss politics with vigour. Demonic Reappraisal - which refers to redefining the stressor as an act of the Devil/an evil power is another coping method we found in the present study. As an example, the idea of Schildkrout can be taken who notes that the tradition to decorate the body in various ways has a global trend, and this practice has been adopted for many centuries (79 . It also helps for the child to see how he specifically contributes to the family. Table 1 shows the demographic characteristics of the informants. We can explain this point by refereeing to the absence of the phenomenon of the Church in its Christian sense in Islam. In recent decades, access to political power has become one of the biggest social advantages and indications of privilege. The interviews were conducted from November 2017 through December 2017, and the transcription process was completed by February 2018. such as religious beliefs, social norms, and family values. Being struck by a serious illness like cancer can result in the loss of confidence and security in life. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Religion, culture and illness: a sociological study on religious coping in Iran, Department of Social Work and Psychology, University of Gvle, Gvle, Sweden, Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Department of Counseling Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran, Department of Nursing, Khoy Medical Sciences Faculty, Urmia Medical Sciences University, Khoy, Iran, Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, Swedish Agency for Work Environment Knowledge, Gvle, Sweden, Initial development of the Iranian Religious Coping Scale, Non-Hajj pilgrimage in Islam: A neglected dimension of religious circulation, A contrastive study of Arabic and Persian formulas against the evil eye used by women, Does being religious help or hinder coping with chronic illness? 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